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Can benzene be replaced by nitrobenzene in friedel crafts alkylation?
Wiki User
∙ 10y ago
The process would be unfavourable since the nitro (-NO2) group is strongly deactivating and would render the benzene ring in nitrobenzene less susceptible to electrophilic attack.
Wiki User
∙ 10y ago
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Friedel Crafts acylation of naphthalene depend on type of solvent used?
Friedel Crafts acylation of naphthalene
How can you convert methyl benzene into benzene?
First Step: Friedel Craft Acylation on benzene to form phenyl methyl ketone or acetophenone. Second Step: Reduction of acetophenone by Clemmenen reduction using zinc amalgam and HCl to give the desired product. Another method is the reaction of benzene with ethyl chloride in presence of AlCl3 and heat in a close container.
Why is aluminum chloride used in large excess in Friedel-Crafts reactions?
To ensure there's enough of it to allow the reaction to go to completion.
Why do you get isopropyl benzene on treating benzene with 1 - chloropropane instead of n - propyl benzene?
Your question is in regard to the "Friedel-Crafts Alkylation" reaction, which is probably the most common way to add an alkyl group to a benzene ring. The reaction is carried out with benzene or a substituted benzene, an alkyl chloride or bromide, and a small amount of a Lewis acid catalyst; usually either FeCl3 or AlCl3 when an alkyl chloride is the reagent, or FeBr3 or AlBr3 when an alkyl bromide is the reagent.The first step in the reaction forms a carbocation when the halide on the alkyl group is removed by the Lewis acid. If 1-chloropropane is used, the first step of the reaction is:H3C-CH2-CH2Cl + FeCl3 ''Ä¢√á H3C-CH2-C+H2 + Fe{Cl}4-Primary carbocations are the least stable ones after the methyl carbocation, therefore they will almost always rearrange if possible to yield a secondary or sometimes even a tertiary carbocation. Thus, the next thing to occur is formation of a secondary carbocation. This happens when a hydrogen atom on the middle carbon migrates to the carbon bearing the positive charge and brings two electrons with it. This is called a hydride shift because the hydride ion is H-, and it takes place as shown:H H| '¬ß¬µ |H3C-CH-C+H2 ''Ä¢√á H3C-C+-CH3(I apologize, but these were the best graphics I could do given the tools available here.) The equilibrium shown is in much greater favor of the secondary carbocation, however I would not be surprised if some propyl benzene is formed.So, there are two parts to the answer to your question: 1) A primary carbocation is formed when a 1-chloro-n-alkane reacts with a strong Lewis acid. 2) Because the reaction of a carbocation with benzene is slower than formation of the primary carbocation, the primary carbocation has time to undergo a hydride shift, thereby creating a much higher concentration of the more stable isopropyl carbocation.P.S.: Have you studied which groups activate a benzene ring and which groups deactivate the ring, and which groups direct subsequently added groups to the meta position and which groups direct groups later added to the ortho and para positions? If you have, what compound would you expect to be the major product of the reaction? What can one do practically speaking when performing the reaction above to minimize multiple alkylations?I'm correcting two molecular drawings included in the original posting. They did not come out anywhere close to how they appeared on the screen when I wrote the first answer.The first one didn't come out that badly:+H3C-CH2-CH3 -----> H3C-CH2-CH2 + Fe(Cl)4-.The second graphic was a drawing of the secondary (isopropyl) carbocation:+H3C-CH-CH3. (The "+" symbol is normally drawn much closer to the atom bearing the formal positive charge. It was not possible to do this here as answers rarely require graphics.)
Definition of an acid not dependent of the solvent?
The most general definition of an acid relies on Lewis acid/base theory, which defines an acid as a substance (usually an atom on a substance) that can accept an electron pair from another group.For example, the proton H+ can accept a lone electron pair from OH- and is therefore an acid by the Lewis definition (it is also a Brønsted-Lowry acid as well). The hydrogens in the hydronium ion, H3O+ (a more accurate representation of the "lone" proton, which chemists often use only for convenience) are also Lewis acids by the same reasoning.Iron(III) chloride, FeCl3, is an example of a Lewis acid that does not fit under the Arrhenius or Brønsted-Lowry definitions - it can accept a lone pair from, say, a chloride ion. This is particularly useful in Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation reactions.
What happen when benzene reacts with ch3cocl in presence oa hydrous alcl3?
This is an example of a Friedel-Crafts acylation. One hydrogen from the benzene is replaced by the acetyl portion of the acetyl chloride and the hydrogen and chloride from the benzene and acetyl chloride respectively combine to form HCl. Please see the link.
Why Nitrobenzene is used as a solvent in Friedel craft reaction?
1) it has high dielectric constant 2) Also AlCl3 can interact with the nitrobenzne to form complex C6H5NO2.AlCl3 which is soluble in excess nitrobenzene hence a good solvent....
How do we convert benzene into acetophenone?
To synthesize acetophenone from benzene, you just need to add the aldehyde to the benzene ring. This can be done via a Friedel-Crafts acylation. The reagents are an acid chloride (acetyl chloride in this case) and AlCl3 (stoichiometric).
Explain why the Friedel-Crafts reaction of benzene plus n-propyl chloride in the presence of AlCl3 gives mostly isopropylbenzene?
rearrangemet because primary carbocations cannot form
What is the formula of the ionic compound expected to form between the elements Cl and Al?
Al3+ and 3 Cl- form AlCl3This chemical is a great catalyst for organic chemists- in Friedel-Krafts and chlorination of benzene.
What has the author Friedel Anderson written?
Friedel Anderson has written: 'Friedel Anderson' -- subject(s): Exhibitions
What has the author Friedel Behrendt written?
Friedel Behrendt has written: 'Friedel Behrendt: eine Frau in zwei Welten'
When was Frederic Friedel born?
Frederic Friedel was born in 1945.
When was Jacques Friedel born?
Jacques Friedel was born in 1921.
When was Samuel Friedel born?
Samuel Friedel was born in 1898.
When did Samuel Friedel die?
Samuel Friedel died in 1979.
When did Friedel Klussmann die?
Friedel Klussmann died in 1986.
