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Naturally not!

Captive breeding programs can be done I would imagine in any suitable environment that replicates the necessary conditions for mating in the relevant species. The US may be chosen as the site for most programs simply because it has the financial resources to carry them out successfully.

The only restriction I know about upon where captive breeding programs can be done occurs with obligate cooperative breeders, which require "helpers" to have any chance of successful reproduction. Such species occur almost exclusively in Australia and Southern Africa owing to the immensely greater age of those continents' soils. These differences mean animal biomass - much more than plant biomass - is greatly decreased and requires many animals to find in adequate quantities.

Breeding in captivity outside Australia or Southern Africa would very likely break down these sophisticated and tightly knit cooperative breeding systems because unaided pairs could easily raise young in a manner known impossible in obligate cooperative breeders' natural habitats. Upon return to the wild, helping skills necessary reproduction in their infertile natural habitats would not develop and growth or even maintenance of wild populations becomes impossible.

This is documented from studies of captive Southern Ground Hornbills and African Hunting Dogs, but probably applies to all obligate cooperators.

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Q: Can captive breeding programs only be done in the US?
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