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Can eukaryotic Cells control gene expression by using transcription factors?
Wiki User
∙ 11y ago
yes
Wiki User
∙ 11y ago
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What is initiation in transcription?
So in Transcription there are three main steps: Initiation, elongation and termination. The one I'm focusing on is Initiation. In eukaryote, proteins called transcription factors mediate the initiation of transcription by RNA Polymerse II. A eukaryotic promoter commonly includes a TATA box, a nucleotide sequence containing "Thymine-Adenine-thymine-adenine", about 25 nucleotides upstream from the transcriptional start point.
What controls protein production in the nucleus?
Protein production in the nucleus is controlled by several factors. The key regulators are transcription factors, which bind to specific DNA sequences and either activate or repress gene expression. Additionally, epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, can regulate protein production by influencing the accessibility of DNA to transcription factors and RNA polymerase. RNA processing, including splicing and RNA editing, also plays a role in controlling the production of mature mRNA molecules, which serve as templates for protein synthesis.
Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes?
First A. = 'usually involves operons'. 2nd A. = 'No ... that is done by prokaryotes and is a much simpler way of organizing genetic switches and regulating expression. Eukaryotes use a much more complex network involving the likes of enhancers, silencers, insulators, trans and cis acting sequences. Trans acting sequences are sequences which code for particular proteins (like repressor proteins) which bind to operator regions etc. Cis acting are sequences such as operator and promoter regions (usually bound by particular proteins such as repressors or RNAP/DNAP, transcription factors...) and control gene expression within a close proximity and usually found downstream from the operator/promoter. Enhancers are sequences found way upstream from the promoter sequences. These are bound by activator proteins (rather than transcription factors like promoter sequences) and once bound form a loop like structure bringing the bound activator protein to transcription factors and polymerases bound at the promoter region up-regulating gene expression. Silencers work in a similar fashion but bind proteins down-regulating gene expression. Methylation and acetylation of histone tails can bring about the regulation of gene expression. For example acetylation of the lysine residues in histone proteins will nullify the positive charges causing them to have a lower affinity for the negatively charged DNA molecules allowing RNAP and DNAP to associate easier causing up-regulation of gene expression. Methylation leads to hetero-chromatination (facultative hetero-chromatin - also formed through gene silencing from RNAi through siRNA molecules) leading to down regulation of gene expression. Again gene expression can be controlled through the length of the pol-A tail added post-transcriptionally. The length usually determines the half life of the molecule (with a shorter tail causing the destruction of the mRNA a lot more quickly). Also within the 3'untranslated region (between stop codon and 3' end) targets the localization of an mRNA strand within the cytoplasm playing a small role in gene regulation.'
What factors control passage of molecules in and out of cell?
Transport control factors.
What are a group of proteins that bind to the promoter or enhancer sequences to facilitate the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter?
transcription factors
Which is true about eukaryotic gene regulation?
Most eukaryotic genes are controlled individually and have regulatory sequences that are much more complex than those of the lac operon. (this answer above was found in my Biology text book too so it is correct) :)
What functional groups is capable of regulating gene expression?
Transcription factors can regulate gene expression
Which is true of transcription factors?
They control which genes are expressed.
What do regulatory elements in gene control interact with?
transcription factors.
The first stage of gene expression is called?
The first stage of gene expression is known as transcription. This is the process by which RNA Polymerase, along with other transcription factors, reads and transcribes the DNA sequence into a complementary RNA strand.
What affects expression of specific cellular RNAs in the fast growing liver cells of an infant?
nuclear transcription factors
Why does chromatin remodeling have to be the first step in gene activation?
Eukaryotic DNA can be highly packaged in condensed chromatin and inaccessible to transcription factors and RNA polymerase.
Where are transcription factors made?
Some transcription factors are proteinacious , they are synthesized in ribosomes .
What is an alarmone?
An alarmone is an intracellular signal molecule produced due to harsh environmental factors, serving to regulate the gene expression at transcription level.
What has the author Kenneth Maiese written?
Kenneth Maiese has written: 'Forkhead transcription factors' -- subject(s): Forkhead transcription factors, Forkhead Transcription Factors, Physiology
What does the addition of methyl groups to DNA cause?
Block RNA polymerase from attaching to DNAorcan directly switch off gene expression by preventing transcription factors from binding to promoters, segments of DNA that promote expression of a particular gene.
How does a Tata box helps position rna polymerase. In a eukaryotic cell?
The TATA box seems to help position RNA polymerase by marking a point just before the point at which transcription begins.
