There are no Federal Laws restricting what information an employer can disclose about former employees. If you were fired or terminated from employment, the company can say so. They can also give a reason. For example, if someone was fired for stealing or falsifying a time sheet, they can explain why the employee was terminated.
That said, because of laws regarding defamation (which is slander or libel) companies are usually careful about what information they provide to hiring managers confirming employment or checking references. What they say has to be the truth or the company can be subject to a lawsuit from the former employee. Legally, they can say anything that is factual and accurate.
Concern about lawsuits is why most employers only confirm dates of employment, your position, and salary.
State labor laws vary, so check your state labor department website for information on state labor laws that limit what employers can disclose about former employees.
The company that fired you will have the information. After a few years, they store your employment record on computer disk or destroy it. The only other people who will know you were fired are future employers (who check your previous jobs) or people you tell.
Legally, they can say anything that is factual and accurate. They may tell a potential employer if you were "re-hireable." That said, there's a lot of businesses out there that don't know nor care about that, so they tend to say whatever they want to potential employers looking for references. No law prohibits a former employer from honestly reporting the fact you were fired. There is no possibility of a defamation suit for reporting a fact honestly. Whether you DESERVED to be fired is not an issue in a defamation charge, only whether you WERE fired. You were fired? I am free to tell everyone without liability.
That is a decision for his employers.
Almost all employers will require a reference from your last 2 or 3 employers, so if you were to be fired it would cetainly be a problem getting a good reference.
In the USA, where kids can lawfully work paper routes and for non-manufacturing employers, kids can be fired, since employers can fire anyone without cause.
Once you are fired, you earn no more wages, so employers don't pay you.
Only if you were fired at or almost at the end of your working day. However, most employers would not quibble about such a petty decision. Probably depends on why you were fired.
Yes
Any employee can be fired for getting convicted of a crime. Employers need not ignore convictions, as they must sometimes ignore arrests. And employers need not hold a job open for an employee gpoing to jail.
yes
Employers can ask that in every state.
It is possible that a person could be fired even if they have a doctors note. However, it may be a case by case basis for most employers.