Certain blocks, yes, such as wood and leaves.
See the minecraft Wiki for more information: http://minecraft.gamepedia.com/Minecraft_Wiki
100
No, glass does not burn in minecraft. But in an odd occasion i put glass over lava and it started burning.
The redstone will burn. No questions asked, it burns.
If you dig down to around diamond level (0-12 blocks) and find your way into a cave, there should be an abundance of lava down in the caves. Above ground, dry/desert biomes can contain lava pools.
Volcanic blocks
There are 40325909164134400 blocks in a single minecraft world.
Lava does not burn rock because rock is not flammable.
Frist you put down the lava blocks then you push toggle at the blocks that you want to be flowing
You can find lava underground.
Minecraft characters are approximately 2 blocks high.
You have to download the mod from minecraft to get the lucky blocks. Then the lucky blocks will spawn randomly across the surface.
The whole world is 256 blocks high. Level 0 is filled with bedrock. Sea level is 64. You can't build anything above level 255 (Except beds, water, and lava).