Sure, if the alternator voltage regulator is defective it can overcharge the battery.
Each cell in a typical car battery has a little over 1.5 volts. Eight cells per battery equals the battery's total voltage.
get a multi meter that reads dc voltage & touch the black (negative -) wire to the negative battery post & the red (positive +) wire to the positive battery post with car running. car off is battery voltage, car on is alternator voltage.
It could be the voltage regulator.
when cranking the engine the battery voltage should not fall below 9.6volts if so replace battery
Yes, if your car battery is the same voltage as the ATV battery.
A bad voltage regulator in the alternator. Depending on year make and model it may be outside or separate from the alternator.
yes
No, a defective battery will prevent the engine from starting but once it is running the battery will not cause hesitation. the the starter relay is disengaged , and the alternator takes over battery charging via voltage regulator . voltage regulator prevents power surges and prevents voltage fluctuation.
Check voltage at the battery with car running, it should be well over 12 volts, also check alternator output.
Larger.
12-14v