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Yes, a pleural effusion, can and often does (but not always) come back following heart surgery. However, it depends greatly on what type of heart surgery is performed, what type of pleural effusion was there prior, the underlying disease process, etc.

Pleural effusions are caused by many things. Thus, if the heart was the reason for the pleural effusion prior to heart surgery, once the heart condition is "fixed", someone can develop a pleural effusion from an entirely different disease process (e.g., lung cancer).

I assume what you are referring to is in patients with congestive heart failure, pleural effusions (or fluid present between the lungs and the chest wall) often develop. Congestive heart failure can be caused by a number of things (for example, coronary artery disease, faulty valves within the heart, medications, etc.). So let's say a patient who has coronary artery disease (narrowing of the arteries feeding the heart) has suffered a couple of mild heart attacks in the past, a portion of the heart might not be pumping as it should, and therefore, leads to congestive heart failure, in which fluid builds up in tissues and organs (including the pleural cavity). The purpose of doing a CABG (coronary artery bypass grafting) is to allow more blood flow to the heart, and in doing so, to hopefully reduce the amount of congestive heart failure, and thus, reduce the chances for a pleural effusion.

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Q: Can the pleural effusion came back following the heart surgery?
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