The .243 is a fantastic deer cartridge. It is easy to shoot and not overpowering. The result is a more accurate shot which is key over any and all calibers you may choose to use. History has proven that the .243 is a hunting favorite.
400 yards
A 243 has an effective kill range of just under 300 yards. This distance will change some depending on the bullet grain you choose. Over coming the trajectory and lost bullet energy would be very difficult at 400 yards where a small 55 grain bullet would drop 13 inches if zeroed at 200 yards and its energy would only be 705 foot lbs. You would have better energy with a 100 grain bullet with just over 1000 foot lbs but your drop would be more than 20 inches.
I believe that a .270 caliber, .308, .30-30, and .243 caliber rifles are great calibers to hunt deer with. I think that a .30-06 is just a bit overkill, but sometimes i will use that. i use eather a .270 or a .308 most of the time when i hunt white tail deer
Varmits to deer.
A 223 would be fine for a deer rifle but you need to make sure the (youth) person can hit the kill zone. I would suggest the 243.
caliber limitations are set by the hunting ministry in your region, eg 243 for deer(smallest) 22lr for smll game eg rabbits and so on
.243
That's sort a difficult question to answer. Any caliber might happen to kill a deer. A good gun would be 7mm or 308. Depending on the size of the deer. And how much recoil you can take and how loud maybe. Just make sure you can get a rifle that you like and fits you comfortably. some calibers might be .243 30-30 7mm-08 .270 and most calibers over a .223 will kill a deer either by dropping it or you would have to follow a blood trail . but dont get a caliber that you cant handle or is to big . You can go to your local gun smith for their opinion also. happy hunting and safe hunting and remember to take youths to get them into the sport.
.243 or a 25-06
Well, it is a rifle, but dozens of companies make rifles in .243 caliber.
250yrds
If properly trained, no
Its illegal. Use a caliber sufficient to take your quarry. A .17 caliber bullet is likely to cause a significant amount of pain and suffering to a deer. Start with a minimum of a .243 rifle. You owe it to the animal to make a clean kill. More importantly, please eat what you harvest.
the bigger the animal the bigger the caliber of rifle and the heavier the bullet i.e deer 150 grain bullet 243 caliber and up moose 30-06 180 grain and up for both