Generally, yes. Most US home services are 220 volt (240, 220 are `nominal' names) which are split into two 120 volt legs.
You can find wiring information ont he internet, but generally, the 220 volt systems have a 120 volt leg, a common ground and then another 120 volt leg. Added together, they're 220 volt but by splitting them, you'll end up with two 120 volt legs.
If you're not sure about how to wire them up, contact a qualified electrician to help you.
House wiring can be very dangerous if you don't know what you're doing as well as lethal. When in doubt, don't.
Yes
no
It won't run.
You need a step-up transformer, to go from 110 to 220-240 volts. Then a 110 volt supply can operate 240 volt equipment.
France uses 220-240 volts for their electrical system.
No, a 240 volt device runs on 240, and a 120 volt device runs on 120. Attempting to run a device on incompatible voltage results in damage.
No, unless the motor was wound for dual voltage operation, which it will state on the motor nameplate, a 110 volt motor run on 240 volts will be damaged.
No, a 240 volt string of Christmas lights is designed to be used with a 240 volt socket. Plugging it into a 110 volt socket may damage the lights and pose a safety hazard. Be sure to always use lights with the correct voltage rating.
No, it won't get enough power and won't work.
If you mean 110/240, yes, but there may be a hidden switch to switch it to 240 volt mode. Check the manual.
The pin configuration of the 240 volt receptacle is different from a 120 volt pin configuration. This is a safety factor to prevent the wrong voltage being applied to the wrong devices.
The pin configuration of the 240 volt receptacle is different from a 120 volt pin configuration. This is a safety factor to prevent the wrong voltage being applied to the wrong devices.