In most countries, yes you can.
No
You aren't asked for a marriage certificate for a passport. You are required to give a birth certificate only. Depending on your state you may also be considered married if over 7 years. I have had 3 passports (keep renewing them) and they are concerned with birth certificate, and the proper passport photo included with application.
With the U.S.'s new restrictions, you need a passport any time you leave the country. You'll want the birth certificate to get the passport, though, so in a sense you do use it to go on a cruise.
No. You need valid, government photo ID, such as a drivers license, non-driver ID, passport or passport card.
No. You must have passport if you are flying there. If you are going by boat, then an enhanced drivers license (EDL) or a US passport card is sufficient.
No, a deed poll is not a proof of identity, only a proof that you've changed your name.If you've changed your name and want to apply for a new passport (in the UK), the Identity & Passport will want to see your birth certificate and your deed poll.
You do not need to present a birth certificate to use a passport for its intended purpose. A passport alone is sufficient proof of nationality/citizenship. You may need to present a birth certificate in order to apply for a passport.
NO
Yes, you need your birth certificate and your Passport. Marcy
Your current passport and your birth certificate are required every time you want to renew your passport.
Nothing but a birth certificate and a passport
No. You require a Passport.