Sort of.
Most MTBs use 26" wheels while most road bikes use 28" wheels.
Although a MTB frame will usually have room for 28" wheels with skinny tires you won't get rim brakes to line up.
There are adapters available which lets you mount road-style caliper brakes on a frame intended for canti/V-brakes. or if your MTB frame have disc brake mounting tabs you can get a set of road-size wheels built up with disc brake hubs.
Then there is the fork. Most MTBs come with suspension forks, which are pointless energy sappers on a road bike. Simply sticking a road bike fork on there will cause a serious change in geometry, so that's not advisable. Better then to go for a suspension-corrected rigid fork.
Next is a question about what crank and what shifters you want to use. Road cranks have higher teeth counts, they do best when paired with road front derailers, which require road shifters to get the correct actuation ratio. Road bikes and MTBs tends to favor different cabling arrangements, which can cause some problems.
Bottom line is that it is doable, but fairly pointless. There are plenty of traps you can fall into, and it'll never be a "real" road bike. Better then either to buy a road bike, or simply slap some slicks and a road cassette on your MTB and ride it as it is.
MAYBE - , frame size has nothing to do with tire size. Style does, and if its a mountain bike, it will not work with a 27 (road racing) wheel and tire. Brakes will not fit.
Yes, if you can find the correct bottom bracket for the frame.
It depends what use the bicycle is put to, it may be a racer, a road going tourer or an off-road mountain or trail bike. All have very different tires.
you sit on it and push the pedals around in a circle like a rode bike but is off road .
not all are. if you want to do dirt jumping i recommend you do not use a normal mountain bike. get a proper dirt jump bike. i used a felt q520 xc bike to dirt jump and the forks broke and i took it in and the mechanic said i had damaged the frame and it was close to snapping.
In normal use this is not a problem, as the brakesare applied with limited force and ..... Disc brakesare used mainly on mountain bikes ridden off-road.
Depends on how you intend to use it. A MTB is usually more versatile, and (unless it's full suspension) will do fairly well on the road if you switch tires. A road bike will be far more unhappy off road, and requires an more taxing riding position. If you think you'll be doing both light off-roading and plenty of road use, get a hybrid. You can't take it DH-ing, but it will be quite nice and fast on the road.
i rode a bike i rode my bike this weekend
In all probability - no. A full-suspension bike at that price level will be very heavy, with very little adjustability. It'll do fine fine for pottering around the neighboorhood, but any kind of regular riding will quickly leave you wanting more. So, it's not good enough to be taken off road( where the suspension can do you some good), and if you stay on road, all the suspension does is add weight and flexiness to the frame. For utility oriented road use you'd be far better off with a rigid frame, rigid fork and some fenders and maybe a rack on the bike.
A good bike to use in a time trial road race would have to be a time trial bike. It is a racing bike that is designed for use in a individual race. They do have racing bikes also.
ya
The brakes use friction to stop the bike and the tyres use friction to grip the road.