No. Use the putty.
You can use silicone as a substitute, but plumbers putty is simpler and far easier to clean up. 100% SILICONE
Oils from putty soak into and discolor marble. Putty not used when putting pipe together.
Put putty under outer edge of faucet base and fasten to sink. Remove excess putty after fastening faucet.
NO. Although you may have plumbers PVC glue, it doesn't work well with flexible PVC like an inflatable. -Better products are Aqua Seal (available in Walmart Sports Dept) or 3M Marine Adhesive.
If it is real marble, the oil in the putty can leach into the marble and discolor it.
If it is a pressure line, cut it out and replace it. You might get a epoxy putty to hold on a drain pipe.
It sounds like you are installing a new faucet. If that is the case read the manufacturer's instructions. If you are re-installing an older faucet, using the plumbers putty doesn't hurt.
It can't be done without cutting the pipe
pipes plunger putty
Because modern PVC and PEX pipes are much more efficient and easier to work with.
Get a candle and use it to heat your putty knife. It will slice though the old putty like butter. Just keep reheating the knife. The best way to soften plumber's putty is to add a little linseed oil and allow it to sit overnight. Knead the putty thoroughly. This won't do if you're in a hurry, so you could try to hurry it along by kneading it with a very small amount of linseed oil (use gloves). Remember to keep the consistency a little bit thicker than Play Doh.