it is application level traffic and it gives QoS guarantee.In CBR, source is expected to transmit packets at constant rate and all packets have constant sizes.
A bit rate is a transmission rate of binary symbols equal to the total number of bits transmitted in one second sent or received across a network or communications channel.
Constant bit rate (CBR)
The bit rate of Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) depends on the number of channels being multiplexed and the bit rate of each individual channel. It can be calculated using the formula: Bit Rate = Number of Channels × Bit Rate per Channel. For example, if there are 4 channels each transmitting at 1 Mbps, the total bit rate of the TDM system would be 4 Mbps. TDM efficiently utilizes the available bandwidth by allocating time slots to each channel for transmission.
bandwidth
Both are units of data transmission rates through a communication medium. Baud rate signifies symbol rate. How many symbol changes are transmitted per second. Symbols can contain one bit or more (e.g. 3-bit symbols). Bit is smallest unit in digital transmission or digital communication. Bit has only two states but symbols can have more than 2 states. So symbol may may represent more than one binary bit and so baud rate may or may not be equal to bit rate. Also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_rate http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baud - Neeraj Sharma
An OC-1 (Optical Carrier level 1) has a bit rate of 51.84 Mbps. A DS-3 (Digital Signal level 3) signal has a bit rate of 44.736 Mbps. Since an OC-1 can carry a DS-3 signal, it can accommodate this bit rate, allowing for efficient transmission of the DS-3 data within the OC-1 framework.
Basically the baud rate can never be greater than the bit rate. Baud rate can only be equal or less than the bit rate. However, there are instances that baud rate maybe greater than the bit rate. In Return-to-zero or Manchester encoding, where there are two signaling elements, the baud rate is twice the bit rate and therefore requires more bandwidth.
The bit error rate is a standard transmission-error rate of a medium such as copper wire, coaxial cable, or fiber-optic cable. Coaxial cables have a low error rate that is generally 1 in 1 billion bps.
bit rate is half the baud rate
Bit rate is calculated by multiplying the sample rate by the bit depth and the number of channels. The formula can be expressed as: Bit Rate = Sample Rate × Bit Depth × Number of Channels. For example, in a stereo audio file with a sample rate of 44.1 kHz and a bit depth of 16 bits, the bit rate would be 44,100 × 16 × 2 = 1,411,200 bits per second, or approximately 1.41 Mbps.
Parallel data transmission is faster compared to serial data transmission. The speed of a parallel link is equal to the number of bits sent multiplied by the bit rate of each individual path.
Bit rate is related to the maximum frequency being sent over a channel; it is roughly twice this maximum frequency. Bit period is the time it takes to send a bit; it is 2/(bit rate).