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By using nuclear reactors, it is possible to create a variety of radionuclides that have use in medicine. These are used for diagnosis and for therapy.

Diagnostic radionuclides are used for imaging. This is a process rather like taking an X-ray, except that the source of the radiation is within the patient. For example, if a patient has a problem with the thyroid gland, a radionuclide such as 99mTc can be used in a chemical compound that is concentrated in the thyroid gland. Then, by recording the emissions, an image of the gland can be made. In this case, the technetium has a very short half-life (6 hours), so exposure to it is short, and the emission is a gamma ray, which is less destructive than other alternatives.

Some other radionuclides are used for therapy. In these cases, radionuclides can be chosen that have emissions that do not penetrate tissue deeply. These can be put into molecules that concentrate in a part of the body, typically cells in a tumor, targeting that particular body of cells to be destroyed. In this way, it is possible to eliminate a tumor that might be inoperable by surgery.

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Q: Contribution of nuclear energy in the field of medicine?
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