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Describe refraction and reflection with respect to Fiber Optical Cable?

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Q: Describe refraction and reflection with respect to Fiber Optical Cable?
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What is the focal length of a mirror when it is placed in water with respect to air?

The focal length remains the same because only refraction is affected by the different media. Reflection does not depend on the media.


Why is it possible to simplify the number of actual refractions in a lens down to one refraction at a central line through the optical centre?

There are a few reasons why it is possible to simplify the number of actual refractions in a lens down to one refraction at a central line through the optical centre. One reason is that when light passes through a lens, the lens refracts the light in such a way that the light is brought to a focus. The amount of refraction that occurs depends on the curvature of the lens and the index of refraction of the lens material. However, no matter how curved the lens is, the amount of refraction is always the same at the optical centre of the lens. This is because the optical centre is the point on the lens where the light rays passing through the lens are parallel to the principal axis of the lens. Another reason why it is possible to simplify the number of actual refractions in a lens down to one refraction at a central line through the optical centre is that when a lens is rotated about its optical axis, the image formed by the lens does not rotate. This is because the optical centre of a lens is invariant with respect to rotation. This means that it is not necessary to take into account the actual refractions that occur at different points on the lens when calculating the image formation by the lens.


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Why rays at zero incidence do not get refracted?

Rays at normal incidence ... perpendicular to the interface ... obey the same law of refraction that rays at any other angle do. I won't write the equation of refraction here, because you probably already know what it looks like, and if you're a little rusty, you can easily find it on line or in your Physics text as "Snell's Law". The law of refraction relates the angles with respect to the normal in each medium to the index of refraction in each medium. In the formula, the angles are referenced in terms of their sines. If the incident ray is perpendicular to the interface, then the sine of the angle of incidence is zero. Then, regardless of the relative optical densities of the two media, the sine of the angle of refraction is also zero. The ray that arrives along the normal is refracted after all, through an angle of zero.


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Reflection symmetry, reflectional symmetry, line symmetry, mirror symmetry, mirror-image symmetry, or bilateral symmetry is symmetry with respect to reflection


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The reflection of a shape is defined with respect to some specified line. None is specified. If one were specified, the reflection of an object would be the set of points such that the line was exactly half-way between each point in the original shape and its reflection.


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Total Internal Reflection is an optical phenomenon which occurs when a ray of light strikes a medium boundary at an angle larger than a particular critical angle with respect to the normal to the surface. If the refractive index is lower on the other side of the boundary, no light can pass through and all of the light is reflected. The critical angle is the angle of incidence above which the total internal reflection occurs. Hope I helped!


What name is given to the angle where total internal reflection occurs?

Total internal reflection occurs when the angle of incidence with respect to the normal at the boundary to a less dense medium exceeds the critical angle.


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What should be the angle of incidence with respect to the normal of a glass medium so that it does not undergoes refraction?

Radiation that strikes the interface parallel to the normal, i.e. perpendicular to the boundary, is not refracted.