Yes. Goliath was referred to as a 'man of war from his youth.' (1 Samuel 17:33).
David fought Goliath as no one was willing to fight Goliath.
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In the story of Goliath and the Hebrew army, each day goliath would challenge the Hebrews to send their champion to fight him. And as he was so huge and strong they were scared to fight him.
Yes David did fight with the Philistines , as Goliath was a Philistine giant and soldier.
When David killed Goliath he was a small boy, Jonathan was the son of saul and they were the same age and friends.
No, it was David who became king of Israel.
A:1 Samuel 17:4 calls Goliath a champion of the Philistines, suggesting that he was a great warrior who had indeed fought before. On the other hand, serious historians do not regard the story of David and Goliath as based on fact. Even Chronicles, in recounting the story of David, entirely omits the story of David and Goliath, suggesting that the Chronicler did not really believe the story. Historically, the giant Goliath had never fought before and did not fight David.
No one has ever seen Goliath's armour, nor any artefacts that prove he ever existed. Even the Book of Chronicles, a later rewrite of the Deuteronomic History that includes the Books of Samuel and Kings, has omitted the story of David and Goliath possibly because the story was not believed. If Goliath's armour ever existed, it has long since disappeared.