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Main classification of kernel:
Monolithic & microlithic
Monolithic kernel is a large program ,which contains different modules and they can interact each other . New modules can be dynamically linked or inserted in it.Ie at run time, and we do not want to reboot the system.
Microlithic kernel contains different modules .They may be linked together .These modules can communicate with those modules ,which are linked with it.We can only statically insert a new module in it.And when inserting a new module ,we have to link it with other modules to whom with which it has to communicate.
Retheesh Soman & Saneeth P R
Vadakara,Calicut
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What is the difference between unixkernal and linuxkernal?
Linux kernel is an operating system that is distributed by open source software. It is based on Unix, but has some differences, some of which are in adding and removing features of the kernel, kernel threading, application support, and monolithic kernel approach.
What type of kernel is Linux?
Monolithic
What type of kernel does Ubuntu use?
Ubuntu uses the Linux kernel, which is a monolithic kernel with loadable modules.
What are the advantage of OS having monolithic and microlithic kernel?
There is no meaning asking "advantages of having monolithic and microlithic", rather it would be meaning full if "advantages of monolithic over micro kernel" or the other way. Most of the common OS's we know uses monolithic architecture. Windows NT/Xp, Unix , Linux, BSD are some examples. In monolithc sysytems whole OS is a single peice of executable, which is much large compared to micro kernel system. (Windows Xp - more than 5 million lines of code). Advantages - since all resources are handled in one place it could say that is is better in performance, and easy for kernel developers. Other than that it provides high level of protection between applications. Microkernel is a system where the kernel is kept very small providing minimal set of abstraction (IPC, VM, Process sheduling). All other services are server processes running at user level .Mach, Chorus, QNX, GNU Hurd are some examples for micro kernel systems. Advantages - Due to its small size and logical and clean behaviour, it is easily understandable. Os is easily extensible, for a new feature its a matter of implementing server for that feature. Easily port with any OS, (but hard to port with new hardware)
What kinds of f Kernal programs are there?
A Kernel is classified into two main types: Monolithic Kernel Micro Kernel
Is the Windows NT based kernel better than the UNIX based monolithic kernel?
Yes.
What is the Architecture of microkernel for solaris?
None. Solaris has a monolithic kernel.
What are different types of kernel?
Basically, there are three types of kernel: - Monolithic Kernel- Micro Kernel- ExoKernel Monolithic:As the name itself suggests, the kernel has every services like, FS Management, MM, Process Management, etc. in the kernel space. It does not run as a separate process. So, as you guess, there is no context switching, when you ask for a service. But, the probability of a monolithic kernel getting struck is more. Because, if there is a bug in the kernel itself, nothing can rescue it. Linux and Windows are good examples of Monolithic kernel. Linux, being a monolithic kernel, you can insert modules into the kernel dynamically using insmod command. Micro Kernel:Micro kernel runs all the services as a daemon in the user space. So, if a problem occurs in any of the service, the kernel will be able to decide what to do next. But, you pay-off the time to switch to a service in this type of kernel. Micro kernels are some what difficult to design and build than the monolithic kernel. There are always a discussion over the internet, talking about the advantage and disadvantages of monolithic and micro kernel. Exo Kernel:Exo kernel is not yet stabilized. It's under design and research. The user mode processes running in this type of kernel has the ability to access kernel resources like process tables, etc directly.
What is macro kernel?
Monolithic Kernel is also known as "Macro Kernel" A monolithic kernel (Macro Kernel) is an operating system architecture where the entire operating system is working in the kernel space and alone as supervisor mode. The monolithic differs from other operating system architectures (such as the microkernel architecture) in that it defines alone a high-level virtual interface over computer hardware, with a set of primitives or system calls to implement all operating system services such as process management, concurrency, and memory management itself and one or more device drivers as modules.
Give an example of modular monolithic kernel?
Modular monolithic kernel example is Linux.don't need to confuse on monolithic and modular kernel. if we need to divide a single module of kernel in separate module to make handle easy we can do at the configure time of kernel but these kernel module having only in kernel space.Monolithic Kernel- single binary file- all drivers include in kernel itself.Modular kernel- Multiple files for kernel- Drivers can be loaded or unloaded into kernel using modprob command, see man page of lsmod, modprob etc when- Almost all drivers are build and linked against kernelactual mean of modular kernel in linux :some part of the system core will be located in independent files called modules that can be added to the system at run time. Depending on the content of those modules as1. only loading drivers if a device is actually found2. only load a filesystem if it gets actually requested3. only load the code for a specific (scheduling/security/whatever) policy when it should be evaluatedThose modules are still running in the kernel space and not in user space, so the kernel architecture is still monolithic.
Q Explain the difference between microkernel and macrokernel Give an example of microkernel?
Micro-Kernel: A micro-kernel is a minimal operating system that performs only the essential functions of an operating system. All other operating system functions are performed by system processes. Monolithic: A monolithic operating system is one where all operating system code is in a single executable image and all operating system code runs in system mode
What is the difference between a monolithic kernel and a microkernel?
* Maintenance is generally easier. Patches can be tested in a separate instance, then swapped in to take over a production instance. * Rapid development time, new software can be tested without having to reboot the kernel. * More persistence in general, if one instance goes hay-wire, it is often possible to substitute it with an operational mirror
