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DNA is divided into functional units called genes. A gene(def) is a segment of DNA that codes for a functional product (mRNA, tRNA, or rRNA). Since the vast majority of genes are transcribed into mRNA and mRNA is subsequently translated into polypeptides or proteins, most genes code for protein synthesis. The term polypeptide (def) refers to many amino acids (def) connected by peptide bonds (def). While all proteins are polypeptides, not all polypeptides are proteins. In some cases, smaller polypeptides coded for by two or more genes must be joined together to produce a functional protein. In other cases, as will be mentioned below, mRNA carries a transcript of several genes resulting in the synthesis of a large polypeptide that must subsequently be cleaved by enzymes called proteases into two or more smaller functional proteins. For simplicity, we will use the term proteinwhen referring to the end product of transcription and translation.
-sudarvizhi prashanth
Wiki User
∙ 16y ago
Wiki User
∙ 13y agothe difference is that proteins build humans and polypeptides build cells
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What programs the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide?
The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is determined by the sequence of its parent DNA. RNA is transcribed directly from DNA.
Which regions of DNA are transcribed to RNA and then translated to form a polypeptide?
Exons
What is the smallest segment of DNA needed to produce a polypeptide or protein?
Cistron
Is DNA transcription the same as DNA replication?
No - they are different processes, although both use a DNA template. DNA transcription is the copying of DNA to create mRNA, which is then translated into a polypeptide (protein). DNA replication creates a new strand of DNA.
What is the different between recombinant DNA and non-recombinant DNA?
Recombinant- is the DNA fragment of interest Nonrecombinant- the undesired foreign DNA
What programs the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide?
The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is determined by the sequence of its parent DNA. RNA is transcribed directly from DNA.
What controls the order in which different kinds of amino acids follow one another during the production of a polypeptide chain?
DNA
Where is blueprint for the polypeptide chain that is insulin found?
DNA
The portion of a DNA molecule that describes a complete polypeptide chain is called a?
A specific stretch of DNA that programs the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is called a gene.
Which regions of DNA are transcribed to RNA and then translated to form a polypeptide?
Exons
What is the smallest segment of DNA needed to produce a polypeptide or protein?
Cistron
What is an example of poplypeptide?
Meat is a polypeptide. Any string or group of 50 amino acids is a polypeptide this includes DNA or RNA as well as many enzymes.
Cytoplasm is composed primarily of what?
Its a jelly-like substance
What is a linear stretch of DNA that specifies the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide?
A linear stretch of DNA that specifies the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide is called a gene. The primary function of DNA ligase is to seal new short stretches of nucleotides into one continuous strand.
Which nucleic acid molecules are involved in transcription but NOT translation in the synthesis of a particular polypeptide?
DNA
What is the difference between interchain and intrachain hydrogen bonds in the secondary structure of proteins?
IntrAchain H-bonds stabalize bonds between the same polypeptide chain (alpha-helices). IntErchain- H-bonds stablized between different polypeptide chain. (beta- structures)
Is DNA transcription the same as DNA replication?
No - they are different processes, although both use a DNA template. DNA transcription is the copying of DNA to create mRNA, which is then translated into a polypeptide (protein). DNA replication creates a new strand of DNA.
