What are the kinds of family planning?

Answer 1

When you say "family planning," do you mean natural family planning, as in non-hormonal, non-barrier types of contraception? If so, then you will be monitoring your ovulation to avoid sex during that time to avoid pregnancy and then to have sex during that time to increase your chances of getting pregnant: 1. Temperature: You take your basal body temperature each morning with a standard oral thermometer before getting out of bed each day and/or smoking your first cigarette. Ovulation will cause your temperature to rise .4-.8 degrees F, so you will need to write it down each day to know when the spike occurs. 2. Cervical mucus: Each day you will need to reach insider your vagina and examine your cervical mucus. Most days your mucus will be thick and cloudy, but when you are ovulating your mucus will thin out and become stretchy (to help sperm swim). Keep a journal of your daily mucus so you will know when a change has occurred. 3. Cycle Beads: You can buy "cycle beads" which is a sort-of necklace of brown and white beads. The first day of your period is marked with a red bead and you start the "marker," a circular indicator that you will move each day with an arrow on it to remind you which direction to move it, then each day after the first day of your period you will move the marker one bed over. You will move through a series of brown beads, those are the days it is "safe" to have sex. Then you will move into a series of white beads, and these are the days you are most likely to get pregnant. It is imperative that you 1) avoid sexual intercourse if you are trying to avoid pregnancy or 2) use a back-up method like a condom or a diaphragm. Then once you are past the white pills, it is once again safe to have sex as you are past ovulation. 4. Breast feeding: This method works so long as you breast feed around the clock every four hours. You won't know when this method stops working, but it ceases to work when you ovulate for the first time postpartum. General guidelines say this is about 6 months, but since it varies so widely it is very important to not rely on this method to avoid another pregnancy. 5. Pee-on-a-Stick Ovulation Kits: These work similar to a pregnancy test where you pee on a stick. The stick measure the level of your LH, luteinizing hormone. Although LH is always present in your urine, it spikes during ovulation. If the stick comes back with a positive signal in the window, you'll know you should either have sex then to get pregnant or avoid it at all costs to avoid pregnancy. 6. Calendar method: Check this one out on www.plannetparenthood.com. It wants you to put your shortest cycle length and your longest cycle length into a simple addition/subtraction type equation. Then from this number you will know what days during your cycle to avoid having sex. If you're serious about using natural family planning as your method of contraception, it's imperative your partner is as committed to it as you are. It's also a good idea to use multiple strategies to reduce/increase the effectiveness as desire. Good luck!

Answer 2

What is natural family planning?

Natural family planning is a method used to help a couple determine when sexual intercourse can and cannot result in pregnancy. During each menstrual cycle, one of a woman's ovaries releases an egg. This process is called ovulation. The egg moves toward the uterus through the fallopian tubes, where fertilization may take place. An unfertilized egg may live for up to 12 hours. The egg will be shed later during the menstrual period if it isn't fertilized. A woman is most likely to become pregnant if sexual intercourse takes place just before or just after ovulation.

How does natural family planning work?

Two methods of natural family planning are currently taught. The first is the mucus or ovulation method. In this method, the days just before and just after ovulation are determined by checking the woman's cervical mucus. When a woman is most likely to become pregnant, the cervical mucus is stretchy, clear and slick. The mucus during this time looks and feels much like an uncooked egg white.

The second method is called the symptothermal method. With this method, the woman takes her temperature each day with a basal body temperature thermometer and writes it down on a chart. At the time of ovulation, a woman's temperature will rise slightly (about .9°F). The woman also checks the consistency of her cervical mucus like she does with the mucus method. She may also notice other changes, such as pain in the area of the ovaries, bloating, low backache and breast tenderness.

Fertility awareness (FA) refers to a set of practices used to determine the fertile and infertile phases of a woman's menstrual cycle. Fertility awareness methods may be used to avoid pregnancy, to achieve pregnancy, or as a way to monitor gynecological health

.

Failure rate

One concern related to the use of calendar-based mthodsare their relatively high failure rate, compared to other methods of Birth Control. Even when used perfectly, calendar-based methods, especially the rhythm method, result in a high pregnancy rate among couples intending to avoid pregnancy

Types and effectiveness

Most menstrual cycles have several days at the beginning that are infertile (pre-ovulatory infertility), a period of fertility, and then several days just before the next menstruation that are infertile (post-ovulatory infertility). The first day of red bleeding is considered day one of the menstrual cycle. To use these methods, a woman is required to know the length of her menstrual cycles.

Imperfect use of calendar-based methods would consist of not correctly tracking the length of the woman's cycles, thus using the wrong numbers in the formula, or of having unprotected intercourse on an identified fertile day. The discipline required to keep accurate records of menstrual cycles, and to abstain from unprotected intercourse, makes imperfect use fairly common. The actual failure rate of calendar-based methods is 25% per year.

Rhythm method (Knaus-Ogino method)

To find the estimated length of the pre-ovulatory infertile phase, nineteen (19) is subtracted from the length of the woman's shortest cycle. To find the estimated start of the post-ovulatory infertile phase, ten (10) is subtracted from the length of the woman's longest cycle.[19] A woman whose menstrual cycles ranged in length from 30 to 36 days would be estimated to be infertile for the first 11 days of her cycle (30-19=11), to be fertile on days 12-25, and to resume infertility on day 26 (36-10=26). When used to avoid pregnancy, the rhythm method has a perfect-use failure rate of up to 9% per year.

Calendar-based methods are various methods of estimating a female human's likelihood of fertility, based on a record of the length of previous menstrual cycles. Various systems are known as the Knaus-Ogino Method, rhythm method, and

Standard Days Method

Withdrawal (coitus interruptus): A method where sexual intercourse is interrupted and the penis is withdrawn from the vagina before ejaculation.

How do natural methods of family planning work? (mechanism of action)

They prevent sperm from uniting with an egg by avoiding intercourse around the time of ovulation or by withdrawing the penis from the vagina before ejaculation.

Coitus interruptus (withdrawal of the penis from the vagina prior to ejaculation) probably predates any other form of birth control. Once the relationship between the emission of semen into the vagina and pregnancy was known or suspected, some men began to use this technique. This is not a particularly reliable method of contraception, as few men have the self-control to correctly practice the method at every single act of sexual intercourse.[1] Although it is commonly believed that pre-ejaculate fluid can cause pregnancy, modern research has shown that pre-ejaculate fluid does not contain viable sperm.[2][3]

Sympto-Thermal Method

Form of natural family planning which teaches a woman to interpret her signs of fertility through temperature taking & cervical mucus observation.

Effectiveness 99%

Two-Day Method Fertility Awareness-Based method of family planning that uses cervical secretions as the indicator of fertility. This method instructs women to monitor daily the presence of secretions to know when pregnancy is most likely. If a woman notices any secretions today or yesterday, she considers herself fertile today.

A user of the Two-day Methods asks herself two questions every day: Did I note any secretions today? Did I note any secretions yesterday? If she noticed any secretions today OR yesterday, she is potentially fertile today and should avoid unprotected intercourse today to prevent pregnancy. If she did not notice any secretions today and yesterday (two consecutive dry days), pregnancy is very unlikely today.

Effectiveness 96%

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A condom is a device most commonly used during sexual intercourse. It is put on a man's erect penis and physically blocks ejaculated semen from entering the body of a sexual partner. Condoms are used to prevent pregnancy and transmission of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs-such as gonorrhea, syphilis, and HIV). Because condoms are waterproof, elastic, and durable, they are also used in a variety of secondary applications. These range from creating waterproof microphones to protecting rifle barrels from clogging.

A female condom is a device that is used during sexual intercourse to prevent pregnancy and transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs-such as gonorrhea, syphilis, and HIV). Invented by Danish MD Lasse Hessel, it is worn internally by the receptive partner and physically blocks ejaculated semen from entering that person's body. Female condoms have been available now for over 15 years.

A recent version of the female condom is made from natural latex, the same material used in male condoms.

How does it work?

The Pill usually contains two hormones, estrogen and progestogen, which act like the hormones found naturally in your own body. It is sometimes called the Combined Oral Contraceptive (COC). Taken daily, the hormones in the Pill prevent your ovaries from ovulation, or releasing eggs. Pregnancy is prevented since there are no eggs to fertilize. The Pill also causes changes in the lining of the uterus and the mucus of the cervix, which further discourages pregnancy.

Types of Birth Control Pills

The three most common types of birth control pills are:

1. Progestin-only pills (POP). This type of pill contains no estrogen. Called the progestin-only pill, or "mini-pill," it's ideal for breastfeeding women because estrogen reduces milk production. It's also ideal for women who cannot take estrogen. Progestin-only pills primarily work by thickening the cervical mucus, thereby preventing sperm from entering the uterus. To work effectively, they must be taken at a certain time every 24 hours.

2. Combination pills. When you hear the term "birth control pill," it most often refers to oral contraceptives containing estrogen and progestin

3. Emergency contraceptive pills (ECP). ECPs are not intended to be used regularly as a contraceptive. They are designed to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex (when standard contraceptives fail or no method was used)

The Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill (COCP), often referred to as the birth-control pill, or simply "the Pill", is a combination of an estrogen (oestrogen) and a progestin (progestogen), taken by mouth to inhibit normal female fertility

An intrauterine device (intra meaning within, and uterine meaning of the uterus) is a birth control device placed in the uterus, also known as an IUD or a coil (this colloquialism is based on the coil-shaped design of early IUDs)

These are contraceptive devices which are placed inside the uterus. They are usually shaped like a "T" - the arms of the T hold the device in place. There are two main types of intrauterine contraceptives: those that contain copper (which has a spermicidal effect), and those that release a progestogen (in the US the term progestin is used).

Sterilization (also spelled sterilisation) is a surgical technique leaving a male or female unable to reproduce. It is a method of birth control.

Vasectomy in males. The vasa deferentia, the tubes which connect the testicles to the prostate, are cut and closed. This prevents sperm produced in the testicles to enter the ejaculated semen (which is mostly produced in the seminal vesicles and prostate)

Tubal ligation in females, known popularly as "having one's tubes tied". The Fallopian tubes, which allow the sperm to fertilize the ovum and would carry the fertilized ovum to the uterus, are closed, cut, clamped, or blocked.

Hysterectomy in females. The uterus is surgically removed, permanently preventing pregnancy and some diseases, such as uterine cancer.

Castration in males. The testicles are surgically removed

Abstinence*

Abstinence means choosing not to have sex. Some people choose to abstain from sexual intercourse, but engage in other sexual activities. Some people choose to abstain from all sexual activity. When practiced correctly, abstinence is the only 100% sure method for preventing pregnancy.

Cervical Cap

The cervical cap is a small latex cup that a woman inserts into her vagina before sexual intercourse. The cervical cap fits snugly over the woman's cervix. It is smaller than the diaphragm and is used with spermicidal cream or jelly. The cervical cap works by blocking sperm from entering the uterus

Condoms

Condoms are thin barriers made of latex, plastic, or natural membranes. They look like long, thin, deflated balloons. There are both male and female condoms. The male condom fits over a man's penis. The female condom fits inside a woman's vagina. Both male and female condoms work by preventing sperm from entering the vagina and reaching an egg.

Depo-Provera ("The Shot")

Depo Provera is a shot that a woman gets 4 times a year (every 12 weeks) to prevent pregnancy. It contains medicine that is like progesterone - a hormone that is naturally present in a woman's body. The shot works mainly by preventing the ovary from releasing an egg.

Diaphragm

The diaphragm is a soft latex dome that a woman inserts into her vagina before sexual intercourse. It fits over her cervix and is held in place by her vaginal muscles. It always needs to be used with spermicidal cream or jelly. The diaphragm works by blocking the opening to the uterus so that sperm cannot enter.

Intrauterine Device (IUD):

The IUD is a small, T-shaped piece of flexible plastic that fits inside a woman's uterus to prevent pregnancy. There are 2 types of IUD's: copper and progestin (a hormone found in birth control pills). The copper IUD lasts 10 years and the progestin IUD lasts 5 years. IUDs work mainly by preventing fertilization, and interfering with the sperm's ability to reach the egg.

Oral Contraceptives ("The Pill") .

Birth control pills, often called "The Pill", are pills that a woman takes daily to prevent pregnancy. They are made of hormones similar to those found naturally in a woman's body. The Pill works mainly by preventing the ovary from releasing an egg.

Spermicides*

Spermicide is a chemical that kills sperm. It comes in different forms: foams, film, creams, jellies and suppositories. A woman inserts spermicide deep into her vagina just before having sexual intercourse. Spermicides provide some pregnancy protection when used alone, but they are much more effective when used with another method, like the condom, diaphragm or cervical cap

.

Male Sterilization (vasectomy)

A vasectomy is a simple operation that blocks the tubes that carry sperm from a man's testes to his penis. Male sterilization works by blocking the sperm from leaving the man's body.

Female Sterilization (tubal ligation)

A tubal ligation is a minor operation that blocks a woman's fallopian tubes (the tubes that carry the egg to the uterus). Female sterilization works by blocking the egg from reaching sperm

Vaginal Contraceptive Ring ("The Ring")

The Ring is a small, flexible plastic ring - about 2 inches wide - that a woman places in her vagina each month to prevent pregnancy. The Ring contains hormones just like the ones in most birth control pills. It releases these hormones into a woman's body through her vagina. Instead of taking a pill every day, a woman puts in a new ring each month. The Ring works mainly by preventing the ovary from releasing an egg.

Withdrawal ("pulling out")*

When couples use withdrawal, the man pulls his penis out of his partner's vagina before ejaculation ("coming"). This prevents sperm from entering the woman's body. To practice withdrawal correctly, a man needs to have self-control. He needs to know when he is about to ejaculate ("come"), and he needs to make sure that none of his semen ("cum") touches or enters his partner's vagina.

Stage 1: Lasting 2 - 3 days CM is Sticky or Gummy (S)

Stage 2: Lasting 2- 4 days: CM is Creamy, Milky, Lotion Like - Beginning of your fertile period (C)

Stage 3: Lasting 1-5 days: Egg white Cervical Fluid - At this time you are very fertile. (E)

Stage 4: Dry, Moist or Sticky (Infertile)

Look and Feel: The Cervical Mucus will look and have the consistency of egg whites. It is slippery to the touch and if pulled between the fingertips will stretch 1 - 10 inches.

Answer 3

Pill or Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill

Intrauterine Device (IUD)

Vasectomy

Tubal Ligation

Condom

Diaphragm

Answer 4

Natural and artificial