They can.
Yes
Asteroids, even very large ones, actually come close to earth regularly and cause no harm and no effect on life on earth. The concern would be a large asteroid crashing into the earth.
In dicussing asteroids, NEO stands for Near-Earth Object. NEOs are asteroids whose orbits come close to or cross Earth's. This creates a potential hazard for a collision.
There are currently no known asteroids predicted to hit the Earth in the near future. Scientists continuously monitor asteroids and comets that come close to Earth, and there are no imminent threats at this time.
Apollo asteroids are a group of near-Earth asteroids with orbits that intersect with Earth's orbit. They are named after the first asteroid of this group discovered, 1862 Apollo. Some Apollo asteroids are classified as potentially hazardous asteroids due to their close approach to Earth.
Asteroids frequently visit Earth because many of them pass very close to the Earth's orbit around the Sun. ~E. Plaga
Asteroids are rocky objects that orbit the Sun, and sometimes they can come close to Earth. When an asteroid collides with Earth, it can cause a big explosion, like a giant firework. This explosion can create a lot of heat and dust, which can block out sunlight and affect the Earth's climate. Scientists study asteroids to understand their movements and protect Earth from potential impacts.
Yes. Asteroids can enter earth's atmosphere. In such an event the asteroid will probably strike earth's surface.
Most asteroids are in the Asteroid Belt between Mars and Jupiter. But a few do come close to the Earth; these are called Near Earth Asteroids. You can see a list of NEAs, and the dates that they will come closest to the Earth, at www.spaceweather.com. Asteroids and comets have collided with the Earth in the past, and someday one will collide with Earth in the future. Depending on the mass of the asteroid, the damage could be catastrophic. 65 million years ago, scientists now believe that an asteroid or comet hit the Earth, causing the extinction of the dinosaurs and most life on Earth.
yes
Comets are difficult to predict; we currently know of no comets that will be visible in 2012, but new ones are discovered periodically. No asteroids that we are aware of will approach the Earth very closely before April 13, 2029, when the asteroid Apophis will come fairly close the Earth. (But it will miss.)
Most meteorites come from asteroids, which are rocky bodies orbiting the sun. Some meteorites could also come from comets, which are icy bodies. Both asteroids and comets can collide with Earth, resulting in meteorites.