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Hadrons are particles composed of quarks. There are two (known) types of hadrons: mesons, which consist of a quark and an antiquark, and baryons, which consist of three quarks (or three antiquarks). Leptons are a separate type of particles. They are not composed of quarks, but are elementary particles in their own right.
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Where should you find a quark?
Quarks, which are fundamental particles, make up a composite particles called a hadron. The hadrons come in two types, and they are the baryon and the meson. The two best known hadrons are protons and neutrons, which are made up of three quarks each. The fact that the proton and neutron are made up of three quarks makes them baryons. Mesons are made up of two quarks. Use the link below for more information on quarks.
What leptons called?
Leptons are just called that: "leptons". (One example of a lepton is an electron.)
Why is it protons inside the nucleus electrons outside?
In our Universe, only baryons experience the strong nuclear force -- leptons don't. As such, baryons are pulled together into a tight configuration we call the nucleus, while leptons aren't. In addition, electrons are far less massive than baryons. Thus, it is much more difficult for them to stay inside a small area (Heisenburg Uncertainty, if you must know). Thus, an electron just won't stay inside a small area for very long. In our Universe, the Schroendinger Equation shows that the probability of a ground-state electron being measured as very close to the nucleus is quite small.
Why is it unlikely that the dark matter is composed mostly of stars?
By observing the motions of stars within galaxies AND the warping of space between galaxies, we can only conclude that there is SOMETHING creating gravitational effects in both these areas. Whatever this "something" is, its mass density throughout the galaxy is about six times that of the baryons we know about. This something can NOT be more baryons (which make up stars, even brown dwarf ones), because that high a density of baryons, early in the history of our Universe, would have resulted in so much nuclear fusion just after the Big Bang that no hydrogen would have been left to create stars. Indeed, the fact that the ratio of hydrogen to helium in our Universe is almost exactly what it should be, if baryon density was what we calculate it was just after the Big Bang, is a major reason Big Bang Cosmology is the only accepted cosmological model today. This something also can not be charged leptons, as this would create a vast charge buildup in our Universe. Thus, this "something" creating gravitational effects consists neither of baryons nor of leptons. So what is it? We don't know! -- which is why we call it "dark" matter.
How many quarks in hydrogen?
There are quarks in the nucleus of an atom, but they are found there because quarks make up protons and neutrons which make up atomic nuclei. They (quarks) do not have "individual identities" in the nucleus of an atom, but are elementary particles that are the building blocks of composite particles called hadrons. Quarks are never found in isolation anywhere.
What were the elements that shortly appeared after the big bang?
The quark-gluon plasma that composes the universe cools until hadrons, including baryons such as protons and neutrons, can form. At approximately 1 second after the Big Bang neutrinos decouple and begin traveling freely through space. This cosmic neutrino background, while unlikely to ever be observed in detail, is analogous to the cosmic microwave background that was emitted much later. The majority of hadrons and anti-hadrons annihilate each other at the end of the hadron epoch, leaving leptons and anti-leptons dominating the mass of the universe. Approximately 10 seconds after the Big Bang the temperature of the universe falls to the point at which new lepton/anti-lepton pairs are no longer created and most leptons and anti-leptons are eliminated in annihilation reactions, leaving a small residue of leptons. [Taken from Wikipedia, see link below]So, to summarize, matter and anti-matter condense out of the quark-gluon plasma, a cosmic neutrino background is created, most matter and anti-matter is annihilated.
What parts in a atom is smaller than a electron proton and neutron?
Actually, there quarks and mesons. They are the fundamental particles of an atom. Some scientists think that a quark or meson is just a point.
What is smaller than a gluon?
Bosons are particles with integer spin which do not obey the Pauli Exclusion Principle, therefore a number of them may occupy the same quantum state.In general, all bosons can be classified as either mesons (composite particles) or gauge bosons (elementary bosons). Pions are examples of mesons, while photons are examples of gauge bosons.Since the name "boson" applies to a number of particles there can be no answer to this question.Bosons are part of 3 families of fundamental particles described by the Standard Model of quantum physics, and being fundamental means they have no known substructure - i.e., there isn'tanything smaller than a boson. (The same applies to quarks and leptons.)
Why no hadron contain top quark in particle physics?
I am sure there are hadrons containing top quark(s), but they have not been observed. The things preventing the observation of such hadrons are:one top quark by itself has roughly the mass of an entire tungsten atom, this means it takes an enormous amount of energy just to create just one top quarkthe top quark is very unstable with a halflife of about 5E-25 seconds, this means that for all practical purposes all top quarks created will be gone within only about 25E-25 seconds so they are very unlikely to even have a chance to find other quarks to form hadrons with and if they did form a hadron it would decay rapidly
What are the 2 subatomic particles?
There are far more than just two sub-atomic particles: electron, muon, and tau lepton; just for starters. The two types of such particles -- at least in the classification system of 2011 -- are quarks and leptons.
What is the smallest part of an element that retains the properties of the element atoms lepton or quark?
The smallest particle that retains the properties of an element is an atom. Quarks and leptons are just a family of elementary particles and do not carry any properties of the element.
What is a lepton?
Leptons are (as far as we know) fundamental particles, meaning that as far as we know, there are no particles that make up leptons themselves. (Leptons are not the only fundamental particles; they are just a class of fundamental particles.) They have no strong interactions, meaning that they cannot experience the strong force (the strong force is the force that holds the nucleus of an atom together, and the force that holds the quarks inside of protons and neutrons). There are six known leptons: electrons, electron neutrinos, muons, muon neutrinos, taus, and tau neutrinos. Electrons are probably the most familiar leptons. You may have learned about electrons "orbiting" the nucleus of an atom. ("Orbiting" is in quotes because that is only a rough approximation of what electrons do. In realty, electrons act more like waves oscillating, or vibrating, in an atom than like particles orbiting the nucleus of an atom.) Muons and taus are heavier than electrons and are also unstable. Muons and taus decay within a tiny fraction of a second, usually into a combination of electrons and neutrinos. Neutrinos have zero electric charge and very little mass. Since neutrinos have no electric charge, they are only affected by the weak force and the force of gravity. This means that neutrinos don't interact with other particles very much. In fact, there are thousands of neutrinos passing through you (without interacting with the particles in you) right now! As for now, scientists have determined that leptons have no internal structure or even size. (That doesn't make much sense; how can something not have size? But remember leptons aren't made of anything as far as we know. It wound't make sense for something not made of anything to have size... Quantum mechanics and particle physics can get confusing.) It is possible that future research may prove this to be false, showing that there is substructure within the particles, but for now leptons are considered to be fundamental particles. A current theory that would explain what leptons (and everything else) is made of is string theory. This theory basically says that everything is made up of "strings" of energy. (This still doesn't really help in determining the size of a lepton. If a leptons is made up of energy, how much space does that energy take up? But does energy even take up space...?)
