Jews of any group are not a monolith and therefore have independent thoughts on concepts. If you're referring to truth in the sense of a religion being the only 'true religion', then no, that is not a Jewish concept. Judaism teaches that Judaism is correct for Jews, however, different peoples have different paths to God.
Jewish answer:
Yes, we believe that God is true and is the source of absolute truth.
Adonai
That the Torah is to be obeyed and is the word of God.
God, the Torah, and the Prophets
Jews do not believe in jesus christ at all.
I believe you are going for: Orthodox, Conservative, Reformed.
"Progressive" implies change. Orthodox Jews are those who believe in God and the Torah, and keep the commands of the Torah (Sabbath, Kashruth, etc.).
Orthodox Jews believe their way is the only "proper" way to practice Judaism. In most cases, it's considered brainwashing.
The answer completely depends on the Reform Jew you are talking about. Orthodox Jews follow all of the laws (no driving, cooking, etc) and some Reform Jews do the exact same thing.
The Reform Jews are not, strictly speaking, entirely Jewish anymore, whereas the Orthodox Jews are traditional and believe in the sanctity of the prayers and building.
Orthodox Jews believe that the Temple will be rebuilt.
Orthodox Jews are taught to do everything "by the book" and believe ALL Jews should do the same.
The Reform Jews are not, strictly speaking, entirely Jewish anymore, whereas the Orthodox Jews are traditional and believe in the sanctity of the prayers and building.