All particles of all things are in constant motion. Particles in a liquid collide, but the rate is subdued by the viscosity of the liquid.
That is conduction.
they affect one another's motion only when they collide.
conduction
compared to particles in a solid, the particles in a liquid are more loosely connected and can collide with and move past one another.
When particles collide, energy is transferred from one particle to another through interactions like collisions or deceleration. This transfer of energy can result in the particles changing direction, speed, or even producing new particles.
Conduction
Gas particles are in constant random motion and move independently of each other, only interacting through collisions. These collisions can change the direction and speed of the particles, leading to changes in pressure and volume of the gas.
The transfer of momentum to inside particles is caused by collisions between the particles. When an external force is applied to a system, it causes the particles to collide with one another, transferring momentum in the process. This transfer of momentum results in the acceleration of the particles and the overall motion of the system.
Temperature is the average kinetic energy of a substance, As a substance gains kinetic energy, its particles begin to move faster. While solids vibrate in place, the particles in a liquid slip and slide past each other, and in gasses, the particles move even faster and further apart. As the kinetic energy of a substance increases, the particles collide with one another with greater force and frequency. Every time particles collide, there is friction between them. Just as your hands get warm when you rub them together, the particles begin to warm as they collide. This is why there is a direct relationship between the temperature and the kinetic energy of a substance.
This process is known as conduction, where heat transfers through direct contact between particles. When particles collide, they transfer kinetic energy, causing vibrations that propagate through the material as heat. Materials with higher thermal conductivity allow heat to transfer more efficiently through conduction.
charged particles of a cyclotron are given one pulse of energy after another making them speed up to very high energies. the particles then collide and fuse with atomic nuclei to produce synthetic elements
conduction