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Do the risk management practices improve operating performance and do they assist with the achievement of objectives?
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What is the difference between organisation and Management and Administration?
The organization refers to the entire business entity. Management refers to the direction of the company that will allow it to achieve its goals and objectives. Administration usually means the daily tasks involved in operating the company.
What is a package management system?
A package management system is the tool used by an operating system to administrate addition, removal and upgrading of software applications.
Explain the concept of mbo describe its key features and critically analyze the extent of feasibility and unfulness of mbo in the present day business scenario?
Management by objectives (MBO) is a process of defining objectives within an organization so that management and employees agree to the objectives and understand what they need to do in the organization.The term "management by objectives" was first popularized by Peter Drucker in his 1954 book 'The Practice of Management'.[1]The essence of MBO is participative goal setting, choosing course of actions and decision making. An important part of the MBO is the measurement and the comparison of the employee's actual performance with the standards set. Ideally, when employees themselves have been involved with the goal setting and choosing the course of action to be followed by them, they are more likely to fulfill their responsibilities.According to George S. Odiorne, the system of management by objectives can be described as a process whereby the superior and suborization jointly identify its common goals, define each individual's major areas of responsibility in terms of the results expected of him, and use these measures as guides for operating the unit and assessing the contribution of each of its members.[2]Features and advantagesUnique features and advantages of the MBO processThe principle behind Management by Objectives (MBO) is for employees to have a clear understanding of the roles and responsibilities expected of them. They can then understand how their activities relate to the achievement of the organization's goal. MBO also places importance on fulfilling the personal goals of each employee. Some of the important features and advantages of MBO are:Motivation - Involving employees in the whole process of goal setting and increasing employee empowerment. This increases employee job satisfaction and commitment.Better communication and Coordination - Frequent reviews and interactions between superiors and subordinates helps to maintain harmonious relationships within the organization and also to solve many problems.Clarity of goalsSubordinates tend to have a higher commitment to objectives they set for themselves than those imposed on them by another person.Managers can ensure that objectives of the subordinates are linked to the organization's objectives. Domains and levelsObjectives can be set in all domains of activities (production, marketing, services, sales, R&D, human resources, finance, information systems etc.). Some objectives are collective, for a whole department or the whole company, others can be individualized.PracticeObjectives need quantifying and monitoring. Reliable management information systems are needed to establish relevant objectives and monitor their "reach ratio" in an objective way. Pay incentives (bonuses) are often linked to results in reaching the objectives. LimitationsThere are several limitations to the assumptive base underlying the impact of managing by objectives, including: 1. It over-emphasizes the setting of goals over the working of a plan as a driver of outcomes.2. It underemphasizes the importance of the environment or context in which the goals are set. That context includes everything from the availability and quality of resources, to relative buy-in by leadership and stake-holders. As an example of the influence of management buy-in as a contextual influencer, in a 1991 comprehensive review of thirty years of research on the impact of Management by Objectives, Robert Rodgers and John Hunter concluded that companies whose CEOs demonstrated high commitment to MBO showed, on average, a 56% gain in productivity. Companies with CEOs who showed low commitment only saw a 6% gain in productivity.3. Companies evaluated their employees by comparing them with the "ideal" employee. Trait appraisal only looks at what employees should be, not at what they should do.When this approach is not properly set, agreed and managed by organizations, self-centered employees might be prone to distort results, falsely representing achievement of targets that were set in a short-term, narrow fashion. In this case, managing by objectives would be counterproductive.The use of MBO must be carefully aligned with the culture of the organization. While MBO is not as fashionable as it was before, it still has its place in management today. The key difference is that rather than 'set' objectives from a cascade process, objectives are discussed and agreed upon. Employees are often involved in this process, which can be advantageous.A saying around MBO - "What gets measured gets done", 'Why measure performance? Different purposes require different measures' - is perhaps the most famous aphorism of performance measurement; therefore, to avoid potential problems SMART and SMARTER objectives need to be agreed upon in the true sense rather than set.Arguments againstMBO has its detractors, notably among them W. Edwards Deming, who argued that a lack of understanding of systems commonly results in the misapplication of objectives.[3] Additionally, Deming stated that setting production targets will encourage resources to meet those targets through whatever means necessary, which usually results in poor quality.[4] Point 7 of Deming's key principles encourages managers to abandon objectives in favour of leadership because he felt that a leader with an understanding of systems was more likely to guide workers to an appropriate solution than the incentive of an objective. Deming also pointed out that Drucker warned managers that a systemic view was required [5] and felt that Drucker's warning went largely unheeded by the practitioners of MBO.
What are the Benefits of International Management?
International management helps organizations that are operating internationally make a profit. When businesses manage their resources, they can determine the best course of action and operate effectively.
What is tactical management?
The difference between strategy and tactics is that strategy defines "what" is to be done but tactics defines the "how". Tactical management is the use of tactics to implement strategy. This is different from traditional management in that in traditional management there is usually one procedure (standard operating procedure) for getting any action done whereas tactical management allows the manager to select appropriate tactics for best achieving the objective.
Objectives of logistics management?
There are many objectives of logistics management. They include operating objectives, rapid response, minimum inventory, minimum variance, movement consolidation, and quality improvement.
Give you five major achievement of operating system?
The five major achievements of operating system are in the areas of Process Memmory Management Information protection and security Scheduling and Resource management System Structure
What is an operating budget is .?
Provides the senior management team with an "expectations," or "goal" plan. Their performance can then be monitored on a monthly basis.
What is the benefit of an operating budget?
Provides the senior management team with an "expectations," or "goal" plan. Their performance can then be monitored on a monthly basis.
What are the Objectives of an operating system?
process
What is the difference between organisation and Management and Administration?
The organization refers to the entire business entity. Management refers to the direction of the company that will allow it to achieve its goals and objectives. Administration usually means the daily tasks involved in operating the company.
Rules of operating system?
Rules of Operating System1. Management of the Processor2. Management of the R.A.M3. Management of the Input/Output4. Management of the Execution of Application5. Management of the Authorization6. File Management7. Information
List three functions of an operating system?
The three main functions of an Operating System are process management, memory management and file management.
Which operating system gives better performance Windows or Mac OS?
It is difficult to determine which operating system gives better performance overall, as it ultimately depends on the individual's specific needs and preferences. However, in terms of online shopping and upgrading, both Windows and Mac OS offer excellent options. Websites such as Softwarekey4u. com provide affordable and user-friendly upgrade keys for Microsoft products, making it easy for users to upgrade without any hassle. Therefore, it is recommended to research and compare the features and benefits of both operating systems before making a decision, taking into consideration one's personal requirements for performance and compatibility.
Components of an operating system include process memory and file management. What is another component of an operating system?
input/output (I/O) system management
What are the five uses of an operating system?
An operating system is a software that supports the basic functions of a computer. It is used in resource management, data management, task management, controlling peripherals and executing applications.
What are the uses of an operating system?
An operating system is a software that supports the basic functions of a computer. It is used in resource management, data management, task management, controlling peripherals and executing applications.
