For the last 2000 years - no. (Since the destruction of the Holy Temple.)
Yes indeed. Judaism is the name of the Jewish religion ... probably the best name.
Not a lot, other than its origin.
Peaches aren't a symbol of anything in Judaism.
William Owtram has written: 'Twenty sermons preached upon several occasions' -- subject(s): English Sermons, Sermons, English 'Two dissertations on sacrifices' -- subject(s): Atonement, Sacrifice (Judaism), Sacrifice, Judaism
It doesn't mean anything to Judaism.
In Judaism it was an animal that was brought to the ancient Temple in Jerusalem. The story of the Binding of Isaac in Genesis teaches Jews that only an animal can be a blood sacrifice.
Only God is worshiped in Judaism, not any person or anything else. See also:What do Jews believe God is like?
Jewish AnswerThe perfect sacrifice is one which is accompanied by repentance and subordination to God's will (Talmud, Berakhot 23a). (In response to the post below this one, it should be noted that my above answer does not refer to human sacrifice, which is prohibited by the Torah.)Discussion on the Christian Perfect SacrificeJudaism does not agree with Christianity that the "Jesus Sacrifice" was the perfect sacrifice. Judaism fundamentally disagrees with the Christian concept of Jesus' divinity and therefore would see the "sacrifice" as a human sacrifice which is explicitly forbidden by the law. Secondly, the concept of a perfect sacrifice that serves as eternal expiation is also disavowed by Judaism.
Mostly anything that was not Buddhism : Hinduism, Judaism, etc
Shlomo Goren has written: 'Mishnat ha-medinah' -- subject(s): Sabbatical year (Judaism), Palestine in Judaism, Judaism and state, Jewish-Arab relations (Jewish law) 'Sefer Torat ha-medinah' 'Nezer ha-kodesh' -- subject(s): Commentaries, Sacrifice (Judaism)
It does not mean anything specific. Reform Judaism is one branch of Liberal Judaism. So, ostensibly, non-Reform would mean any other branch of Liberal Judaism or it would refer to Orthodox Judaism. This is not a commonly-used term among Jews.
In Judaism, sacrifice can only be offered in the Temple in Jerusalem. When we are without the Temple, prayer replaces sacrifice. The only 'offering' that occurs in a synagogue is prayer.