if the recipe calls for reg. rice, do NOT substitute if you don't have to, if you do, use less instant rice and cut the cooking time in half. You will find that it will not be quiite the same in texture and flavour.
Sometimes you can, but it is best to always stick to what the recipe calls for.
Yes, almonds can be eaten raw and so can the extract.
If you are referring to using slow-cooking oats instead of instant or quick-cooking oats, I have used slow-cooking oats in recipes many times with no taste difference. I simply let the oats sit for a few minutes after mixing it with whatever liquid the recipe calls for, and this lets the oats soften a little, since it has not been processed as much as quick-cooking oats.
The biggest and I hope most obvious is not to use regular coffee grounds in place of instant coffee crystals. That being said you can brew a very strong pot of coffee and use 1/2 cup for every 1 tsp of instant the recipe calls for. Reduce the amount of liquids in the rest of the recipe.
If the "cooking wine" is form a food supplier and states for cooking only then salt has been added to the wine so that it is not fit for drinking. If you have a recipe that calls for cooking wine then use what you have on hand. You can add salt to taste.
cooking book
Yes, the word 'recipe' is a noun. A recipe is a set of instructions, specifically in cooking; a word for a thing.
vinegar
If a recipe is calling for a brand name of a very basic ingredient, they are trying to sell that product. Sour cream is sour cream.
In cooking, yields refers to the number of servings a recipe will make. For instance if a recipe makes 4 servings, it yields 4 servings.
It may depend on the recipe. But often they are interchangeable. Quick oats absorb moisture faster than regular rolled oats thus they cook faster. Most baking recipes and granola recipes don't need a high absorption rate because they are cooked for 20 minutes or more. If the recipe does not cook the oats for at least 15 minutes then presoak rolled oats ( in liquids needed in the recipe) for 10 minutes before using or use the quick oats as called for. (granola recipes often do not require the oats to absorb the liquids, so either type should work).
The likeliest word is recipe (a cooking list or guide).