Technically, a Catholic man might be elected to the Papacy. In the 20th century, the Popes may it a rule that only a priest could be elected, since then Pope John Paul II changed it to any Bishop. Realistically, it is usually a Cardinal.
No, there is no position between cardinal and pope.
Please specify which pope. If you are referring to Pope Francis, he was selected as a cardinal by Pope Benedict XVI.
He was a cardinal in the Roman Curia.
It was not a single cardinal. 2/3 of the Cardinal Electors had to vote for him.
He is almost always a cardinal, usually a cardinal archbishop.
Pope Paul VI named him a cardinal in 1977.
Bishop is the rank below pope and includes archbishops. Cardinals are not an integral part of the hierarchy and, to be named a cardinal, one need only be a priest. However, before 1917, a cardinal need not be even a priest. Pope John XXIII made it a rule that all cardinals must be named a bishop if they become a cardinal but the person can request an exemption to the rule. However, if a cardinal is not a bishop he cannot be elevated to pope until he has been consecrated a bishop.
He was the Cardinal Archbishop of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
A Cardinal and The Pope are two different positions in the Catholic Church.
Bishop is the rank below pope and includes archbishops. Cardinals are not an integral part of the hierarchy and, to be named a cardinal, one need only be a priest. However, before 1917, a cardinal need not be even a priest. Pope John XXIII made it a rule that all cardinals must be named a bishop if they become a cardinal but the person can request an exemption to the rule. However, if a cardinal is not a bishop he cannot be elevated to pope until he has been consecrated a bishop.
He was made a cardinal in 1977 by Pope Paul VI.
Yes, he was a cardinal before elected as pope.