No you can't use a 415v motor in a 240 v socket.
240 v doesn't use any electricity. v is a symbol for voltage which is one of the properties of electricity. How much is used is determind by load. 240 v simply is how much pressure the electrons are being pushed through the circuit with.
European lamps work on 230 v (240 v in the UK). In the USA the supply is 120/240 v with low-power appliances like lights running on 120 v. But 240 v is usually available in a US house so see an electrician.
The question is "use less of what?". If they are both the same wattage the 240 V light will use 1/2 the current of a 120 V light.
In the UK, the two main types of voltage in use are 230 volts for domestic supplies and 400 volts for industrial supplies.
i think 240 vo uses less
It depends on the voltage, but if you are using it on a 240 v system, it's quite OK to use wire that can take 600 v (if you had to buy the wire, you would be spending too much).
Yes
Could be about 13 amps at 240 v.
Technically two-phase has not been used for about 100 years, but a 240 v supply comes from a 240-v single-phase transformer. One of those with a centre-tap is often used to provide two 120 v supplies as well as a 240 v supply, and that's a split-phase supply. Although 240 v bulbs are universal in some countries like the UK, bulbs are normally made for 110-120 v in USA/Canada.
230 v appliances are made to work over a range of voltages and this includes 240 v. Usually the supply voltage can vary + or - 6% and the equipment must be designed for that. In the UK the nominal voltage is 230 v with a tolerance of -6% +10% because many or most of the outlets work at 240 v in practice.
If the appliance is 220 volt 60 Htz, yes it will work perfectly in the U.S. plugged into a 240 volt outlet.