Yes. Both to take off and to land. There are several major airports at high altitude (like Mexico City and Denver, CO) that are real problems for pilots.
the air is thinner
Blimps
barrage
This is because of 2 primary reasons: 1. Aircraft use less fuel at higher altitudes, making it more efficient to fly so high. 2. Aircraft can fly faster at higher altitudes due to the air becoming less dense. There is less friction between the air and the skin of the aircraft, so you need less power to reach the same speed in comparison with low altitudes.
Higher elevations result in thinner air. Thinner air results in less lift being produced by the wings as well as less thrust being produced by the engines. Thus a longer takeoff roll will be required.
The density of air decreases at higher altitudes.
because there is low pressure at higher altitudes
Light propeller driven aircraft can take off as low as 50 mph. Basically the heavier an aircraft is, the higher speed it takes off. - A fully laden 747 will take off at approximately 170 mph.
To get off the ground an aircraft needs lift. This is caused by differential air pressure above and below the wings. At higher elevations and at higher temperature the air is less dense making lift more difficult. At Denver International Airport on a hot day, where the elevation is greater than 5500 feet, quite often some passengers will have to be removed from the plane and put on a different flight to reduce the takeoff weight. At higher the elevations there is less lift and takeoff is more difficult.
Yes.
For jet engines, higher thrust requires higher hot section temperatures. And higher temperatures reduce engine life, so commercial jets usually do not use full thrust on takeoff. Instead, the needed engine pressure ratio is calculated based on weather conditions, load, and runway length. Military fighters and smaller general aviation aircraft use all they have on takeoff. Do military transports use reduced thrust on takeoff, like the C-17?
They have cooler temperatures than places at lower altitudes.