Yes. 0 in elemental form and +2 in its compounds.
2
All positive numbers are greater than zero.
4, 9, 16, 25 plus the 1
fifteen sixteenths, and an infinity of other numbers less than one as well as the infinity of numbers greater than or equal to one.
"Prime" numbers
Of course they can have.Many elements have several oxidation numbers.
The most common oxidation numbers of fermium, Fm, are +2 and +3, though there are no stable isotopes (half-life times shorter than 100 days)
There is at least one oxidation number shared by all the elements in a periodic table column, but some of the elements may have more than one oxidation number and some of these additional oxidation numbers may not be possible for all the elements in a column.
If the digits "3" in the question are intended to be superscripts, the answer is no. The sum of the cubes will be less than the sum of the base numbers if all the base numbers are less than 1 and sometimes will be less in other circumstances.
1+ is the normal oxidation number for hydrogen
The more electronegative elements attract electrons from other elements. A Lewis structure is an easy method to determine oxidation numbers. As a simple example let's take H--Cl. The electrons are slightly attracted to chlorine than hydrogen. That means the chlorine atom 'tries to steal' one extra electron, hence oxidation number is -1. Hydrogen tries to 'give away' one electron, hence +1 oxidation number.
2
Common examples include many nonmetals as sulfur which bears oxidation numbers varying from -2 to +6 in forming compounds. In oxychlorides, the oxidation number of chlorine atom(s) vary from -1 to +7. Many transition elements also bear different oxidation numbers. Copper has two ions: Copper(I) which is colorless and Copper(II) which is pale blue.
71113 + 13 = 71126 7654321 + 5 = 7654326 Both can be divided by numbers other than 1 and itself. Hence both are composite.
four threes
Yes. Transition metals and halogens other than fluorine are particularly likely to have more than one oxidation number among all their compounds.
Most elements can have more than one oxidation number, but I think you are looking for the transition elements in groups 3 - 12.