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When a small aperture setting is used, such as f/11, a large depth of field will be achieved. One would use this, say, if they wanted to take a landscape photograph, and have most of the photo in focus.

When a medium aperture setting is used, such as f/4, less of the photograph will be in focus, but not as much as if one were to use an aperture setting of f/1.8. A medium setting like f/4 could be used for a group photo.

When a large aperture setting is used, such as f/1.8, a very small slice of the photograph will be in focus (shallow DOF.) This large aperture setting could be used for plant Photography, macro photography, insect photography, etc.

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Q: Explain the application of aperture in relationship to shallow and large depth of field. Use diagram or illustration to assist you in you explanation?
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