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Pass One: Read the source code and build the symbol table. Pass Two: Read the source code again and generate the object code. Both passes do pretty much the same things; parsing, tokenizing, processing expressions, etc. The difference is that in pass one you do not know "a priori" what the type, offset, and size of objects are that you have not yet encountered, so you must do the assembly in two passes. You can assemble in one pass if you constrain the coder to define symbols before they are referenced.

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i found this link which had about 50 Q&A's.. the best so far.. has got all the required explanation..

http://ptucse.loremate.com/sp/node/3

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Q: Explain the working of two pass assembler with an example Draw the flowchart of two pass assembler also?
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What is the Design of single pass assembler?

Single Pass Assembler A single pass assembler scans the program only once and creates the equivalent binary program. The assembler substitute all of the symbolic instruction with machine code in one pass. AdvantagesEvery source statement needs to be processed once.DisadvantagesWe cannot use any forward reference in our program. Forward ReferenceForward reference means; reference to an instruction which has not yet been encountered by the assembler. In order to handle forward reference, the program needs to be scanned twice. In other words a two pass assembler is needed.


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