riots, natural disasters, marshal law, enemy invasion, etc.
emergencies
The governor, and that power may be delegated to the lieutenant governor, as well. Additionally, some states permit their County Sheriffs to call up National Guard units within their county as needed.
County Sheriffs do not have the authority to call out the Guard. That's done by the governor of the state or the president of the US.
The governor of Illinois can call out the National Guard for emergencies.
Depends on that state, really. In all states, the governor will be able to. If the state permits it, a County Sheriff could call up both State and National Guard units in their respective county.
The governor and president of the US are the only civilians authorized.
In general, the president has more power of the Governor.
becuase she would rather politicize the issues rather than actually deal with them
He believed there was no reason for the police force to be striking and that it put the people around them in danger (they aren't active when striking) so in order to keep the peace, he called the national guard over to stop the strikers.
Police
Police
guardsman or reservists.
See website: US National Guard. Note: Even though the National Guard is a STATE military, it is still governed by the US Federal Government. The commander in chief for the state National Guard is their respective state Governor, but if the Governor violates Federal Law, then the Guard can be activated (mobilized) as a Federal US Army unit. This prevents one state from going to war with another state; for example Arizona doing battle with California; or Texas going to war with Oklahoma. During the 1930's the governor of Arizona was going to use his Arizona Army (National Guard) to commence war against the US Government over water rights (a dam construction project). If that would have occurred, the US would simply activate the Arizona Army Guard, thus making them a regular US Army unit. Governor Wallace used his Alabama Army (National Guard) to enforce Alabama segregation laws in the 1960's; the US government activated his Alabama Guard, making them a US Army unit, and reversed Governor Wallace's orders.