Religion, Industrialization, liberalization and empire/war
Four factors that contributed to the emergence of sociology as a discipline in the nineteenth century were industrialization, urbanization, the rise of nationalism, and the Enlightenment ideals of reasoning and individual rights. These societal changes led to a need to understand and study the social structures and interactions that were evolving.
Some of Herbert Spencer's notable works related to philosophy and sociology include "The Principles of Sociology" and "The Principles of Ethics." These works contributed to the development of evolutionary theory in social sciences and examined the application of biological principles to society and ethics.
Sociology is often called the mother of all sciences because it incorporates aspects of various disciplines such as psychology, economics, political science, anthropology, and history to study human behavior in society. It provides a framework for understanding how individuals interact with each other and with their environment, making it a foundational discipline that influences and is influenced by many other fields of study.
Environmental studies is multidisciplinary because it encompasses various fields such as biology, chemistry, geology, sociology, economics, and political science to understand complex environmental issues. This interdisciplinary approach is necessary to address the interaction between natural systems and human activities, and to develop comprehensive solutions to environmental challenges. Each discipline offers a unique perspective that contributes to the holistic understanding of environmental issues.
Auguste Comte, a French philosopher, proposed the idea of positivism as the foundation of sociology. He believed that sociology should be based on scientific principles and focused on studying society using observation and experimentation. Comte's theory emphasized the importance of social order and stability achieved through the understanding of the laws governing human behavior.
he felt that science should be used as a way to understand the world
Industrialization led to significant social changes and the need to understand society scientifically. Political revolutions, such as the French Revolution, inspired a focus on studying society and its structures. Urbanization brought large populations into cities, creating new social dynamics and issues to be studied. The Enlightenment era encouraged critical thinking and questioning of traditional beliefs, fostering interest in analyzing society.
Sociology is defined as the study of the development, structure, and functioning of human society. The factors that led to the emergence of sociology as a separate discipline are Inequality and class structure in the society, criminal deviance and changes in population.
Sociology emerged in the 19th century due to societal changes caused by the Industrial Revolution, urbanization, and political revolutions. Scholars sought to understand the impact of these changes on society, leading to the development of sociology as a discipline to study social structures, behaviors, and interactions.
Sociology first appeared as a formal discipline in the France.
1900s
Sociology is considered a scientific discipline because it uses systematic methods like empirical research and data analysis to study society and human behavior, aiming to explain and predict social phenomena. Philosophy, on the other hand, typically deals with abstract questions about reality, knowledge, values, and existence, often relying on logic and reasoning rather than empirical evidence to provide insights.
auguste comte
Emile Durkheim is widely credited as the author of the first methods book in sociology. His work "The Rules of Sociological Method," published in 1895, laid the foundation for the systematic study and analysis of social phenomena.
The Industrial Revolution, urbanization, and political revolutions (such as the French Revolution) created social upheaval, prompting scholars to study society systematically. Additionally, Enlightenment ideas emphasizing reason and rationality, and the questioning of traditional authorities, fostered the emergence of sociology as a distinct field of study. Economic disparities, class conflicts, and changing social structures also played significant roles in shaping the development of sociology.
Auguste Comte
Auguste Comte, a French philosopher, is credited with coining the term "sociology" in the 19th century. Comte is often referred to as the "father of sociology" for his contributions to the development of the discipline.
Sociology focuses on the study of human societies, social behavior, and how individuals interact within social structures, whereas philosophy is concerned with the nature of existence, knowledge, ethics, and the universe. Sociology uses empirical research methods to study social phenomena, while philosophy often relies on critical reasoning and logic to explore abstract concepts.