Vigilantes, or, more correctly, Vigilance Societies.
vigilantes :))
new york
Vigilantes often took the law into their own hands in the Gold Rush Society. Vigilantes were fairly common during the Gold Rush boom in San Francisco. One committee spent most of its time rooting out Australian ne'er-do-wells. They hanged four and tossed another 30 out of town. In 1856, a 6,000-member vigilante group was assembled after a couple of high-profile shooting incidents. This lynch mob hanged the suspects and then directed their attention to politics. Such vigilante movements were generally popular all over the West in the middle and late 19th century. The San Francisco vigilantes were so well regarded that they took over the Democratic Party in the late 1850s and some became respected politicians.
the forty niners
Japanese
The gold rush of 1851 changed Australia from a convict colony to a more diverse society. It led to urbanization in Australia.
Indians/native Americans
The Californian gold rush!
The Gold Rush
The Gold Rush
The Gold Rush
The California Gold Rush