Branch circuits are protected by the circuit breaker found in the electrical panel.
Each circuit should have its one breaker.
The breaker should be rated to protect the insulation of the wire, so you can determine the breaker size based on the circuit conductor size
Example
#14-2 should be protected by a 15 amp breaker
The minimum size equipment grounding conductor required by the NEC for a branch circuit protected by a 50-ampere rated circuit breaker is 10 AWG copper or 8 AWG aluminum.
By a fuse or a circuit breaker.
When a branch of a parallel circuit has an open circuit, it breaks the loop and prevents current from flowing through that particular branch. The other branches of the parallel circuit will continue to operate as normal, as they are unaffected by the open circuit in the specific branch.
In a DC circuit, it's the branch with the largest resistance. In an AC circuit, it's the branch with the largest magnitude of impedance.
The resistance of the component on that branch of the circuit, if the resistance is higher less of a proportion of the total current of the circuit will travel through that branch, however, if the resistance is low a higher proportion of the current will travel through that branch of the circuit. The voltage through each branch stays the same.
The resistance of the component on that branch of the circuit, if the resistance is higher less of a proportion of the total current of the circuit will travel through that branch, however, if the resistance is low a higher proportion of the current will travel through that branch of the circuit. The voltage through each branch stays the same.
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In a parallel circuit, the voltage across each branch is the same.
The resistance of the component on that branch of the circuit, if the resistance is higher less of a proportion of the total current of the circuit will travel through that branch, however, if the resistance is low a higher proportion of the current will travel through that branch of the circuit. The voltage through each branch stays the same.
The exception to the minimum branch-circuit wire size that can be installed in a dwelling is for load centers in dwelling units where the branch circuits supply 15-amp or 20-amp receptacle outlets and are protected by a 20-ampere overcurrent device.
The maximum amperage capacity of the circuit protected by 30 amp breakers is 30 amps.
The recommended amperage for a circuit protected by a 50-amp breaker is 80 of the breaker's rating, which is 40 amps.