By subtracting the Atomic Mass and atomic number
no . by the number of protons which determines the number of electrons when neutral
The bonding properties of an atom are primarily determined by its valence electrons. Valence electrons are the outermost electrons in the atom's electron cloud and are responsible for forming chemical bonds with other atoms by either sharing, gaining, or losing electrons. The number of valence electrons an atom has influences its reactivity and ability to form different types of bonds.
By the outermost shell of electrons
This is the chemical reactivity.
Valence electrons are on the external shell.
they are determined by the outermost shell of electrons
No, the valance electrons determine the charge, the atomic number is determined by the number of protons. Generally, electrons are equal to protons, but in ions it is different, so use protons.
Numbers of electrons in a neutral atom can be determined from its atomic number because in such an atom, number of protons will be equal to the number of electrons. In non-neutral atoms you have to subtract the charge from atomic number to get the number of electrons.For example-If you take O(-). Number of electrons = A.N. - charge= 8 - (-1)= 9
An isotope is not really related to the number of electrons, but rather it is determined by the number of neutrons.
The sum of masses of protons, neutrons and electrons.
The number of protons, neutrons and electrons.
The number of electrons.