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British physicist James Clerk Maxwell was the first to demonstrate that light consists of electromagnetic waves. His theory of electromagnetics was published in the 1860s.
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The states that seceeded from the United States in the early 1860s officially called themselves The Confederate States of America, but they are commonly referred to as the Confederacy or the Confederate States (or CSA).
The very first group of British prisoners, known as convicts, arrived and disembarked in Australia on 26 January 1788. They were part of the First Fleet, the group of eleven ships which carried convicts, marines and some of their wives and children, and officers, departing Portsmoum England in May 1787. British convicts continued to be sent to Australia until the 1860s.
Upper Canada did not exist in the 1860s.
The largest town in BC in the 1860s was Barkerville. It is stated that in the 1860s the population was 5,000 and it was designated the National Historic Site of Canada in the year 1924.
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In the 1860s the British colonies were facing many different kinds of problems. One solution for all of these was for the colonies to come together to form one country. These are the problems that led to confederation:
George-Etienne Cartier
A German professor invented in in 1821. The British Army Signal Corp used it in the 1860s.
The kings and queens of England have appointed the governors general in Canada since the 1860s.
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Canada, the first country to have been created by legislation, was named "Canada" on July 1, 1867. The pre-Confederation Province of Canada was named "Canada" on February 10, 1841. The colonies of Upper Canada and Lower Canada were so named on December 26, 1791.Kindly note that Canada's name has always been, simply, "Canada." It was never "the Dominion of Canada." In this respect, please refer to section 3 of the British North America Act(now the Constitution Act). The word "dominion" therein was merely a term of description. The pertinent part of section 3 reads, "one Dominion under the Name of Canada." The confusion arises because in the 1860s most (if not all) nouns were capitalized.
There were many different technological advances in the 1860s. The submarine was invented, the first transatlantic telegraph cable was created between Europe and America, dynamite was invented, and the modern periodic table was developed.
workers were in short supply