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How can a point mutation alter the final structure of a protein?
Wiki User
∙ 11y ago
In a point mutation, one nitrogen base is substituted for the correct base. Since most amino acids can be coded for by more than one codon, there may be no consequence to this mutation. However, sometimes a point mutation results in an incorrect amino acid being added to the amino acid sequence of the protein. This can cause a change in the shape and therefore function of the protein, which can be a harmful mutation. Two genetic disorders caused by a point mutation are cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia.
Wiki User
∙ 12y ago
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The final three dimentional shape of a protein is?
It is called the tertiary structure of a protein. 'Clumping' two or more tertiary protein structures together yields the quaternary form, or shape.
Why does mrna mutation affect the amino acid sequence?
The codon UGU codes for the amino acid Cysteine. The codon UGG codes for the amino acid Tryptophan. Therefore the mutation will cause the amino acid Cysteine to be replaced with Tryptophan. These amino acids are quite different, and the final shape of the protein could be changed as a result. This could affect the function of the protein.
What are the different levels of protein structure and explain why tertiary structure must be maintained for protein function?
Primary = The polypeptide chain.Secondary = Hydrogen bonding of the bases form alpha helix and beta sheets.Tertiary = The R groups bond with each other ( hydrophobic, hydrophyllic, salt bridges, hydrogen bonding ) and the final form of the protein is this construction, so this form must be maintained so that the protein maintains function.Quaternary = The building of structure from more than two protein ( tertiary ) subunits. Hemoglobin, for example.
What are the four stages of protein structures?
The four levels of protein structure are differentiated from each other by the complexity of their polypeptide chain. Proteins are constructed from 20 amino acids. The levels are the hydrogen atom, a Carboxyl group, an amino group and a variable or "R" group. They have a primary structure, the order in which the amino acids are linked to form a protein. Secondary structure , coiling and folding of the polypeptide chain. Tertiary structure, is a 3-D structure of a protein chain. Quaternary is the structure of a protein macro molecule formed by interactions between several polypeptide chains..
What is a single subunit in biochemistry?
In Protein biochemistry some proteins are made of more than one unit of the same molecule (or similar molecules) - i.e. Actin and Myosin (muscle proteins). It is said that their tertiary structure is the individual subunit, however they also have a quaternary strucure which is the structure formed when many subunits link up. A single subunit in this case is then a protein that has formed its final, folded tertiary structure but which is not part of a larger strcuture.
After translation what does a protein's function depends upon?
its final three dimensional structure
The final three dimentional shape of a protein is?
It is called the tertiary structure of a protein. 'Clumping' two or more tertiary protein structures together yields the quaternary form, or shape.
What affects proetein structure?
Protein structure is dictated by the sequence of amino acids that make up the protein. The charge and polarity of the amino acid side chains decide the final confirmation (or three dimensional shape) of the protein.
What happens to a strand of DNA when there is a change in the base on the other strand?
This is called a "mutation." What ends up happening depends on where the base that changed was located. If the changed base is on the side of the DNA strand that is not used in making mRNA, there will be no difference in the final protein made whatsoever. If the mutation occurs in a part of the DNA that is not coded to make a protein (so called "junk" DNA), there will also be no change in the final protein, because there won't be a protein made. Even if the mutation occurs in a segment of DNA that eventually makes a protein, if the replacement base causes the mRNA to code for an amino acid that is similar to the original base, there will be little change. There is more to it, but that will probably suffice.
Why is a silent mutation called silent?
a mutation that does not affect protein production.
What happens to one strand of DNA when there is a change in a base on a the other strand?
This is called a "mutation." What ends up happening depends on where the base that changed was located. If the changed base is on the side of the DNA strand that is not used in making mRNA, there will be no difference in the final protein made whatsoever. If the mutation occurs in a part of the DNA that is not coded to make a protein (so called "junk" DNA), there will also be no change in the final protein, because there won't be a protein made. Even if the mutation occurs in a segment of DNA that eventually makes a protein, if the replacement base causes the mRNA to code for an amino acid that is similar to the original base, there will be little change. There is more to it, but that will probably suffice.
What happens to one strand of DNA when there is a change in base on the other strand?
This is called a "mutation." What ends up happening depends on where the base that changed was located. If the changed base is on the side of the DNA strand that is not used in making mRNA, there will be no difference in the final protein made whatsoever. If the mutation occurs in a part of the DNA that is not coded to make a protein (so called "junk" DNA), there will also be no change in the final protein, because there won't be a protein made. Even if the mutation occurs in a segment of DNA that eventually makes a protein, if the replacement base causes the mRNA to code for an amino acid that is similar to the original base, there will be little change. There is more to it, but that will probably suffice.
What is a three dimensional protein that is formed by the interaction of R groups in the primary structure?
This is not in the primary structure, or even from the primary structure. This folding of proteins into the globular final shape by the bonding interaction of R groups is called the tertiary phase of protein synthesis. ( tertiary means three )
Why does mrna mutation affect the amino acid sequence?
The codon UGU codes for the amino acid Cysteine. The codon UGG codes for the amino acid Tryptophan. Therefore the mutation will cause the amino acid Cysteine to be replaced with Tryptophan. These amino acids are quite different, and the final shape of the protein could be changed as a result. This could affect the function of the protein.
What are the different levels of protein structure and explain why tertiary structure must be maintained for protein function?
Primary = The polypeptide chain.Secondary = Hydrogen bonding of the bases form alpha helix and beta sheets.Tertiary = The R groups bond with each other ( hydrophobic, hydrophyllic, salt bridges, hydrogen bonding ) and the final form of the protein is this construction, so this form must be maintained so that the protein maintains function.Quaternary = The building of structure from more than two protein ( tertiary ) subunits. Hemoglobin, for example.
How can a mutation in a DNA base sequence cause a change in protein?
dna in a cell needs protein and chromosomes.
Principles of protein structure?
Proteins have a number of 'levels' of structure associated with them: Primary, Secondary, Tertiatry and Quaternary.Primary StructureThe order of amino acids in a protein determines it's primary structure.Secondary StructureThe secondary structure is the simple folding of a protein into a shape. The two general shapes found are the alpha-helix (like a spiral) and the beta-pleated sheet (a little like the zigzag shape of a concertina). These shapes result from the intermolecular forces between R-groups on amino acids, and in the case of cystine, disulphide bridges.Tertiary StructureThe tertiary structure is a further layer of folding of the secondary structure. Single-chain proteins reach their final form with this layer of folding.Quaternery StructureOnly found in multi-unit protein complexes such as haemoglobin. This is a level involving the binding together of multiple protein chains to form a final structure. In the case of haemoglobin, this involves 4 main protein chains surrounding an Fe2+ ion.
