In the US, presidential elections place the nominated people from the two major parties, on the same ticket. This means that when presidential hopeful, Barack Obama headed the Democratic presidential ticket, his vice president nominee was Joe Biden. The main "balance" created by Obama, was to have a seasoned well known democrat, Biden, paired with a newly known presidential candidate, Obama. The voting public then sees a ticket whereby their votes can be made based on a Chicago, Illinois new comer, Obama and a well known Biden.
There are better examples of this balance attempt, however. Perhaps the best one was when President Lincoln ran for reelection in 1864. Lincoln was assured to receive all the Republican votes, and he decided the best way to gather Democratic votes was to have the Tennessee Democrat, Andrew Johnson as his running mate. This was a great balance that would attract both Democrats and Republicans to vote "together" for a well balanced ticket.
Generally, by having a VP come from some region of the country other than that of the President, so that the "ticket" is attractive to more people on a regional basis. Another way is by having someone with a somewhat different political philosophy than the Presidential candidate so that the ticket is attractive to more people on a philosophocal basis.
Republicans chose Chester Arthur as their vice presidential candidate in 1880 because he was seen as a compromise candidate who would help balance the ticket. Arthur, a skilled politician from New York, was chosen to provide support to presidential candidate James Garfield, who was from Ohio. In addition, Arthur's reputation for political loyalty and his connections within the Republican Party made him an attractive choice for the position.
The Presidential Candidate's main purpose in picking the Vice President is "balancing the ticket." To "balance the ticket" is to find a VP Candidate that deposits values into a Presidential campaign that will bring support from voters that were not previously inclined to vote for that candidate. In most every United States presidential election within the past 30 years, the presidential candidate chose a VP candidate with almost opposite views and beliefs so that they might hoard the votes.
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Why the VP candidate matters:The vice-president is "just a heart-beat" away from the Presidency. Nine vice-presidents took over for the President before the end of his term. Voters need to consider the VP candidate when voting for President.The selection of his running mate gives some indication of the candidate's ability to make wise appointments in the future.The vice-presidential candidate can balance the ticket and help the presidential candidate attract votes in areas in which he is weak. For example a liberal candidate from the East might do better with a conservative running mate from the South. A rich presidential candidate may want a self-made person for his running mate. A somewhat aloof or intellectual candidate may want a warm "people person" for a running mate.The vice-presidential candidate may be able the help the President govern better by sharing his experience. For example, a candidate with no experience in Washington might profit from having a Washington insider as running mate.If there are opposing view-points in the party and the nomination was hard fought, it may be well to appease the losing faction by choosing their leader as a running mate, thereby getting stronger campaign support from all parts of the party.
No. In the United States there is two powerful political parties. Each has men who run in the primary election and from the man who wins the primary becomes the candidate who is selected at a party convention. The conventions meet and people from across the United States come to represent their state. On the last night they vote for the man who has won the primary election and the ticket. The ticket is also the man chosen by the presidential canadate for the office of Vice President. The VP is selcted for various reasons and for what he can bring to the ticket to help them win.
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Historically, it hasn't. (Republican VP candidate Dan Quayle was, by all accounts, defeated in the VP debate of 1988 by Democrat Lloyd Bentsen; but Republican presidential candidate George H.W. Bush still got elected, in spite of that.) What the vice presidential debate does is reinforce the beliefs and viewpoints that each presidential candidate wants to focus on. Often, the VP candidates are better at expressing themselves than the presidential candidate is; or they are better at articulating their party's platform. For example, Mike Pence is a right-wing conservative and a religious Christian, so he appeals to the segment of the Republican party that may not like how crude Mr. Trump is, but who want to vote Republican. Mr. Pence was able to speak to that group in a way that Donald Trump cannot.Often that is the role of the vice presidential candidate: to explain the best reasons why the voters should consider the Republican or Democratic ticket. But in the end, for all of the good work the VP candidates do in explaining and promoting their party's talking points, voters generally base their choice on the top of the ticket-- in this case either Mrs. Clinton or Mr. Trump.
Yes, the personal qualities of presidential candidates are important in an election. Voters often consider qualities such as honesty, integrity, leadership skills, and ability to make sound decisions when choosing a candidate. These qualities can influence voters' trust, confidence, and perception of the candidate's ability to fulfill their responsibilities as president.
The party tries to choose someone who will complement the presidential candidate and help them win the election. This might be someone who can carry a big state that the candidate is weak in. It might be someone who is popular in an area or with a group of people who do not strongly favor the presidential candidate. It might a person who has solid experience and might be attractive to independent voters. Good debating and campaigning skills are very valuable. There also may be political considerations within the party that need to be considered. If the nomination is hard-fought , it may be wise to offer the losing candidate the number two slot in order to ensure the strong support of his supporters in the upcoming campaign. Lately, the party conventions have often let the presidential candidate name his running mate and personal likes and dislikes have seemingly become a major factor in making the choice on some occasions.
While the ability to serve as president is one of the criteria for choosing a vice-presidential candidate, there is a long history of choosing vice-presidential candidates to help with the election of the presidential candidate. In terms of that task, the VP candidate can help bring out the base, bring out undecideds, or both. In the case of Sarah Palin, it appears that there was significant concern that John McCain was not well supported by the Rupublican Party's base. As a result, it decided to gamble with Palin who is a fundamentalist Christian. Adding to reason for her support was the fact that she is a woman; given the dissatisfaction that Hilary Clinton supporters had, the McCain campaign took a gamble that the choice of Palin might attract those supporters as well. While such gambling has been criticized by many, it has also been praised by the Republican Party's base. It is well known among those who study politics that candidates who are behind typically engage in more risky (some would say bold) campaigning. The same happens in business and in sports. You must also consider the fact that Sarah Palin has had more executive experience than all three of the others on the ticket.