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How can current lag or lead voltage in an AC circuit isn't current a function of voltage etc?
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
Current can lag or lead voltage in an AC circuit when the load is what we call reactive. The idea that current is purely a function of voltage only applies when working with DC, or when working with purely resistive loads, such as light bulbs and toasters. Not so, when dealing with motors and power supplies.
What happens is that an inductor resists a change in current. That means that, given a particular voltage and current at a particular instant of time, if you change the voltage, the current will not immediately follow - it will lag - because the inductor is a stored energy device.
Similarly, a capacitor resists a change in voltage, which means that if you change the current, the voltage will not immediately follow - it will lag - also because the capacitor is a stored energy device. Flip over current and voltage in the analysis of a capacitor, and you find that the current will lead the voltage, as opposed to the inductor's current lagging the voltage.
This causes the phenomenon of power factor, which is basically the cosine of the phase angle between voltage and current. Power factor is the ratio of apparent power to true power.
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
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