Hindu religion is caste based. There are four castes namely Brahmin, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, and Shudras. The surname tells a lot about the caste of a person. For instance people with surname Shastri are Brahmin and with Ambedkar are Shudras.
by how the person's life has gone up to that point
In Hinduism caste is determined by your birth. You can not choose your caste or change it.
You can't; its a racist fabrication.
what their ancesters did for a living
marathi
Brahmin Caste
Actually you cannot tell a proper caste for Urankar as the name suggest that they were the people Living in Uran. They could have any Caste.
they belong to kayastha
pednekar will caste belongs to
Mahar, a Dalit caste.
Lakade surname found in caste of Hindu - Sonar also.
Bhupathi belongs to kapu caste
The Boudh caste of the Mahar (Dalit) community. It is a scheduled caste.
no
Its a khatri
They seem to be Shudras.