From the Wikipedia page for Drake Passage: "The 800-kilometre (500 mi) wide passage between Cape Horn and Livingston Island is the shortest crossing from Antarctica to any other landmass. "
The Falklands
You can hire onto a tour that will take you to the Antarctic Peninsula from Chile, Argentina, Australia or New Zealand.
No country owns any part of the Antarctic continent.
The Antarctic peninsula points toward South America, specifically toward the countries of Argentina and Chile.
The distance from California to the Antarctic depends on where in the Antarctic you want to go. You can travel to Chile, Argentina, New Zealand, Australia or South Africa, and from there charter your private transport to your ultimate Antarctic destination.
Your answer depends on your starting point in Argentina and your ultimate destination on the Antarctic continent, and the speed of your airplane. Please note that there is no commercial air service to anywhere on the Antarctic continent.
Neither of them is 'close', but northern Argentina is less far.
No
Not very, average temperatures in Argentina go up to 90 Degrees F. It depends. Argentina goes from near the Equator to the Antarctic so you have all sorts of climates depending on the region.
i dont know but i am a missionary in Ecuador close to Argentina.
Nope other ends of the world
Argentina owns zero in Antarctica. Its claim overlaps other claims. All claims are held in abeyance by the Antarctic Treaty (1961).