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How data and instruction are represented in binary inside the computer?
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∙ 7y ago
Every microprocessor architecture has a specific set of instructions that are embedded into the processor itself and each instruction correspond to a specific opcode. Data and instructions in memory are represented in an address format.
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∙ 7y ago
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Numbers stored and transmitted inside a computer in binary or ascii?
Binary.
What is the relationship between electronic signals inside a computer and binary digits?
Electronic signals are represented in binary as 1's and 0's. A 1 is representative of an electric charge being active and a 0 is representataive of an electric charge being absent.
Why all digital devices use binary number system?
The binary number system inside the electronics of a computer is generally represented by a high or a low voltage, a charged or uncharged capacitor, or sometimes even a switch that is on or off. That these electronics are generally in either one or the other state, the binary system is the simplest.
Numbers are stored and transmitted inside a computer in?
binary form by SaravanaUltimate
How are numbers and characters represented on a computer?
The most common code originally used was a 7 bit code called ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) that was originally defined on October 6, 1960 for use with teletypes. However with only 128 values (33 of which were reserved for teletype control functions, most of which were irrelevant to computers) only standard US English characters could be represented.Since 1996 there has been a gradual transition to the variable length code called Unicode (usually in UTF-8 format) that can represent most international characters.
Where is a serial number on a computer game case for a game?
There is always one on the back of the cover or in the inside the case there is a instruction manual and there is a serial number in that or on the back of it
Why computer understsnd binari language?
The earliest computers consisted or rows of switches that were either on or off - Binary language uses just two digits - 1 and 0 to represend everything that the computer does. This is basically what a a binary language is. The figure 1 relates to a 'true' condition (ie the switch is on) and the 0 relates to a 'false' condition (the switch is off) Every function of a computer - from the most complex calculation to the simplest game is broken down inside the computers processors to binary code.
What are two states inside a computer?
A computer works in binary. That means the two states a computer can be in are 0 and 1. This can be interpreted as true and false, on and off, etc. There's also solids, and gases. Also, if you have a liquid cooling system there might be liquids too.
What do use binary for?
Computers make use of them, so you'll use them a lot in computer science. For instance, everything inside a computer can be represented by two numbers: 0 or 1 - or a positive charge or negative charge. These can be referred to in binary: 2^0 = 1 bit 2^1 = 2 bit 2^2 = 4 bit etc. They also have a few applications of logarithms of base 2, which is often useful because each successive power of 2 is double that of the last number (2^1 = (2^2)/2)
How is data interpreted inside a computer?
At the very lowest level, everything in a computer is represented as a series of binary numbers - 1's and 0's - because this is the easiest system for storing information either electronically (with current being turned off or on) or physically (with magnetic or optical media). Beyond that, however, it gets a lot more complicated:When you save a file to your hard drive, it's first encoded in a file format. This may be a simple text file, where every character inside is simply represented as a binary number representing that particular character. In other applications, this may be far more complex - such as saving a compressed image or a technical design. Applications themselves are exactly the same - the program is saved as a set of instructions, encoded in binary, for the processor to understand.This file is then tagged with information (again in binary) to represent it's name, the encoding used, how long the file is, and many other attributes. This is stored on the hard drive (or an external device), somewhere on the disk - the computer's operating system then stores an entry in a "File Allocation Table" to remind it where to look in future to find the file.This is an extremely simplified version of what goes on - but generally these are the basic principles for what happens when data is saved or used within a computer.
How do computers use binary coding?
The core of computing is binary encoding. The premise is that each of the transistor switches is either on of off, represented by 1 or 0. Each bit is a BInary digiT.Each of these switches is more-or-less useless on its own. However, you can arrange them in a sequence to get some logic.Humans use hexadecimal representation as a form of shorthand for binary. That's a 16-base number system that goes from 0-9 then a-f, then rolls over from 0f to 10.When you write a computer program, the compiler converts your code into opcode, a hex representation of the binary stream. The CPU interprets the opcodes and follows the program, manipulating bits in the accumulator section. In other words, it reads the binary code and uses that code to switch bits on and off in its "brain". The outgoing data is then sent to various locations in the computer, such as to the sound card, video card, hard disk, RAM, etc. You can do this by mapping each location to a virtual location in the computer. For example, you could set the address 0x2000 to be the sound card, and when you write the data 0x5e41 to 0x2000, the sound card will interpret that data and put out an analog signal to the speakers. You could also read the data at location 0x3000 to see what's on that location in the hard drive. (for example)The exact details require several years of study. The CPU does not "interpret opcodes" binary codes of 0's and 1's is just a DISPLAY for humans that tells them what is on and what is off for a particular instruction, transistors being switched on and off determine what happens inside a computer.
What is binary code format?
There is no single format. Binary code is merely the representation of numeric information encoded in binary. Humans use the symbols 0 and 1 to symbolise the binary digits (bits), but computers have no notion of a number let alone the intelligence to interpret the difference between a 1 or a 0. However, binary information can be encoded in many different ways. In the early days of computers, the computer was programmed through a front panel of switches. The computer had several modes of operation which could be configured by turning these individual switches on or off. Once a configuration was set it could be committed to the computer's memory, which effectively copied the state of these switches to a much larger set of switches laid out in a large array, where each element in the array represented a separate instruction. Once all instructions were stored, they could be executed by copying them one after the other to the instruction register, another series of switches that actually set the mode of operation. By rapidly switching from one mode to the next, the computer was able execute a sequence of very simple instructions extremely quickly. In order to encode these instructions so that the programmer could configure the input switches correctly, the instructions were encoded in binary notation using 1s and 0s, where a 1 meant the switch was on while a 0 meant the switch was off. The early computers didn't have many instructions -- they were only capable of a handful of very simple operations -- so there were very few switches. With 4 switches we can configure the machine in exactly 16 different ways: 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 Each additional switch doubles the number of configurations thus if the computer has 17 to 32 instructions we would use at least 5 switches while 33 to 64 instructions would require at least 6 switches, and so on. Each binary digit (bit) represents an increasing power of 2 where the least significant bit represents 2^0, followed by 2^1, 2^2, 2^3 and so on. This is no different to decimal notation where each digit represents an increasing power of 10 (10^0, 10^1, 10^2, 10^3 and so on). Knowing this we can easily convert from binary to decimal, such that 1101 means (from least significant to most significant digit): 1 = 1x(2^0) = 1x1 = 1 0 = 0x(2^1) = 0x2 = 0 1 = 1x(2^2) = 1x4 = 4 1 = 1x(2^3) = 1x8 = 8 1+0+4+8 = 13 Thus 1101 is the binary equivalent of 13 decimal. If we say that 1101 represents a specific machine instruction, then we really mean instruction 13. What that instruction means to the machine depends on the machine itself -- it is a machine code and machine codes are always machine-dependent (only machines of the same type will understand what instruction 13 means). Since it represents a specific machine instruction then we call it an operation code, or an opcode for short. Opcode 13 may require operands (one or more inputs). For instance, if opcode 13 were one of the machine's move instructions, it will need two operands: a source and a destination. These must also be encoded in binary and these codes will either represent a memory address or a CPU register, depending on the operand types expected by the opcode. CPU registers are a bank of switches that are used to specify the inputs and outputs required by the instruction register (which is also a CPU register). Two special registers are used to keep track of the current and the next instruction. Normally, the next instruction is the one that immediately follows the current instruction in memory. However, if the current instruction is a jump instruction, the encoding in the next instruction register may change, thus allowing the computer to a make decision and possibly jump to the appropriate instruction code when the next instruction becomes the current instruction. Of course, today, we do not program machines through a series of front panel switches. But just as we can encode the state of these switches from a numeric binary notation, we can also convert to any other binary encoding. On magnetic media we use the flux transitions between positively and negatively charged particle clusters upon a ferromagnetic material. These transitions can be "read" by a computer and decoded into a series of alternating electrical impulses which can then be encoded within an array of accumulators with high or low electrical charges each of which can be maintained by a transistor that can also independently switch the state of the accumulator. There are no actual numbers inside a computer, of course, they are all merely the encoded representations of numbers that must be encoded, decoded and shunted from one location to another according to the machine's current opcode. For humans it is obviously easier to record the machine's "state" using numeric binary values, but this is merely an abstraction. The machine has no more concept of a number than it does of a what a human is. It is a machine -- it has no actual intelligence. It simply has a number of modes that we can configure, nothing more and nothing less. But because its native "language" is binary, we use numeric binary notation as a human convenience. It allows us to instruct the computer in the only language it knows -- including the instructions necessary to translate binary encoded information into information we can understand, whether it is decimal numbers, written words, a picture, a movie or a sound.
