Adam Smith and other philosophers of industrialization viewed natural laws as the foundation for free trade and economy ("laissez faire economics").
industrialization
Germany, which started major industrialization in the second half of the 19th century. The other countries mentioned only saw major industrialization after WW 2; that is, starting in the second half of the 20th century
They formed unions and other organizations like the knights of labor for instance to fight for better workplace and higher wages etc.
It depends. Two political philosophers, Adam Smith and Karl Marx, had differing opinions on this matter. Adam Smith was the founder of capitalism and believed in what he called "the Invisible Hand". This meant that competition would eventually result in innovation as one group tried to beat the other and would ultimately further society's interests. Karl Marx is the father of communism and believed that competition, and eventually capitalism, would lead to the exploitation of the working class. Not to mention it causes stress and "arms races" where people would be too obsessed with victory or beating the other person at something. Look up the "tragedy of the commons" from economics.
how are capital resources different from the other resources of production natural and human resources
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No, not philosophers.
Two trade-offs of industrialization are increased production and economic growth on one hand, but also negative impacts on the environment and natural resources, as well as potential social inequalities and exploitation of labor on the other hand.
Every particle of the universe attracts every other particle with a force varying inversely as the square of the distance between them and directly proportional to the square of their masses.
There are two more mineral resources that other elements to industrialization. The two resources are potassium and zinc.
The "Sorcerer's Stone" and "Philosopher's Stone" refer to the same object in two different editions of the first Harry Potter book by J.K. Rowling. In the UK version, it is called the "Philosopher's Stone," while in the US version, it is called the "Sorcerer's Stone." The stone is a mythical substance that has the power to grant immortality.
industrialization
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are some of the most famous Greek philosophers known for their contributions to philosophy and Western thought.
Industrialization happens due to a country's need to compete with other countries in regards to economy. Industrialization creates jobs, opportunities and helps with trade to other industrial countries.
The opening of new markets and availability of labor created the demand for inventions that sparked industrialization in Europe.
Africa is the continent with the least industrialization, particularly in the sub-Saharan regions where industrial development lags behind other parts of the world. Many African countries face challenges such as lack of infrastructure, technology, and investment that hinder industrial growth.
Africa become involved in foreign trade since it had a lot of natural resources that were useful to industrialization. Minerals such as gold, diamond, and other raw materials attracted many traders to the continent.