How did Catherine the Great change Russia technologically?

Answer 1

Catherine II the Great (nee German Sophie Auguste Friederike von Anhalt-Zerbst-Dornburg) - Russian Empress from 1762 to 1796 years. In Russia came as the wife of Emperor Peter III, who was deposed Guard. During the coup lover of Catherine Gregory Orlov, Guard officer and other officers killed Peter III, choking him with a scarf. After the coup, Guard proclaimed Empress Catherine. Catherine was of the ideas of the Enlightenment, which were then fashionable in Europe, which characterizes its internal policies as "enlightened absolutism." As a guidance document produced by the Empress was a "Nakaz" (mandate) - the theoretical basis of enlightened absolutism. Catherine II allowed the private factories, released into circulation paper money - bank notes, the State Bank has established and implemented taking deposits for safekeeping. Catherine II fully liberalized trade, abolished the state monopoly in the trade. It was made a network of urban schools and colleges. Catherine paid special attention to the development of women's education, in 1764, was opened the Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens, Society for Education of Noble Maidens. Were founded by the Russian Academy of Sciences, an observatory, a physical office, anatomical theater, a botanical garden, a tool shop, print shop, a library, an archive. However, Catherine II granted the nobility maximum of rights and privileges and full exemption from duty in respect of the state. A number of major nobles owned by tens and hundreds of thousands of serfs, which was not in the previous reign, when considered wealthy owner of more than 500 souls. Farmers in the era of Catherine were about 95% of the population. The position of the largest populations in the era of Catherine was the worst in the history of Russia. The position of the serfs of the time equally with the position of slaves. The landlords have turned their villages in the plantation slaves, which are difficult to distinguish from the southern US. plantations to freedom from slavery of African-Americans. During the reign of Catherine II was utter frustration and exhaustion of Finance, while for the first time appeared and Russia's foreign debt and unpaid salaries and obligations of the Government at the end of her reign was huge. This was the result of favoritism and corruption. In 1771, in Moscow there was a popular uprising, dubbed the Plague riot. The suppression of the rebellion troops were sent under the command of Grigory Orlov. After three days of fighting rebellion was suppressed. In 1773-1774, there was a peasant uprising led by Yemelyan Pugachev. It covered the Orenburg province, the Urals, river Kama, Bashkiria, part of Western Siberia, Middle and Lower Volga. Participants Pugachev uprising killed about 1,600 nobles, with almost half of them were women and children. The uprising was suppressed by imperial troops with great cruelty. Pugachev was executed by quartering in Moscow. After the uprising, Catherine II turned liberal reforms and strengthened conservatism.

Answer 2

Catherine the Great made changes to the country that helped it develop new cities and build wealth. She also helped modernize the country.