Catherine the Great maintained control by having one group spy on another. She kept as many operations under her direct control as possible. She also had excellent press agents who could put tremendous spin on any issue. Move over Bill Clinton. Also, she had no where near the control over her empire as she claimed.
For example: John Paul Jones, an American Revolutionary War hero, went to Russia to fight for her. He discovered tremendous corruption existed in the supply system of the Russian Army and Navy. The army had almost no weapons. The navy's ships were made with rotten timbers. When John Paul Jones attempted to return to St. Petersburg to inform Catherine, the generals prevented such a meeting. They kidnapped him and took him to Paris.
Through appropriation
For the president to gain control over the rivalries and independence over the executive branch, bureaucracy must be achieved. This is done by making government agencies independent from one another.
patronage positions
Catherine the Great, or Catherine II, was known as the Empress or Czarina of Russia. She ruled over Russia from 1762 to 1796, known as being great for how she expanded the ways of living in Russia.
Catherine the Great was neglected by Peter, her husband. This resulted in her having multiple lovers over years and was always faithful to each and everyone.
Lyndon Johnson's Great Society programs result in the largest expansion of the federal bureaucracy since FDR's New Deal
The professional bureaucracy relies for coordination on the standardization of skills and its associated design parameter, training and indoctrination. It hires duly trained and indoctrinated specialists ("Professionals") for the operating core, and then gives them considerable control over their work. Control over their own work means that the professionals work relatively independently of their colleagues, but closely with the clients that they serve.
I would say normative controls are related to the culture inside an enterprise. I.e. what employees think is acceptable and not. See it as self control and social control.
During Catherine's reign, Russia also achieved great military success and gained large tracts of land. Following two successful wars against the Ottoman Empire, Russia annexed Crimea, which gave it access to the Black Sea. In addition, Russia's control over Poland and Luxembourg allowed it to annex three separate tracts of land.
taxes and take control of colonies
She strengthened the government by knowing about the government and making it strong
yes it did