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Answer 1
Judaism and Christianity have been the largest religions in Europe for the vast majority of Europe's existence. Judaism has recently been surpassed by Islam as the second largest religion in Europe, but Christianity still remains the strongest by far. Culturally, Europeans have always been extremely religious. This has lead to prosecution of non-Christians, mostly Jews, Muslims, and Atheists.
Answer 2
Judaism and Christianity have had an incredible effect on European history. Even though there have been a relatively small number of Jews, most of Europe was Christian, a religion based in part on Jewish tradition and belief. As a result, the Jewish/Christian Holy Book, The Bible became a central part of European history and identity along with the foundation of many laws.
Judaism and Christianity also represented a fundamental shift from the Hellenistic Worldview in which a person was valued by what he could do (i.e. fight as a warrior, earn lots of money, etc.) to who he could be (i.e. loving, caring, empathetic, etc.). The idea that a person should attempt to love his neighbor instead of out-compete him is of Jewish origin. This, of course, has been subsumed by Christianity.
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