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Octavius was Augustus's' original name and is hardly ever used by historians. They use the name Octavian (which, following Roman naming conversions, he acquired when he was adopted by Julius Caesar) for the period from his adoption by Caesar to when he became the first Roman emperor (44-27 BC). For the period when he was emperor, they use the name Augustus. The reforms of the army he made are called the reforms of Augustus.
The reforms of the army of 107 BC by Gaius Marius have been called the Marian reforms. These ended the period when the Roman army was a citizen militia. With the militia system the state drafted peasant proprietors for the military campaigning season (March-up to October). At the end of a campaign the soldiers went back to their farms. There was a property threshold to be drafted because the citizen-soldiers had to provide and pay for their military equipment themselves. The landless poor were not drafted.
The Marian reforms 1) abolished the property threshold, 2) made joining the army voluntary, 3) made the state pay for the military equipment, 4) standardised the military equipment, which did away with the previous heavy infantry/light infantry division as all soldiers used the same weapons and armour 5) established a military service of 16 years. 6) On discharge the soldiers were given a honesta missio, a certificate which sanctioned the legal end of the service. They were also granted either a lump sum (nummaria missio) or a plot of land to farm (agraria missio). This was also given to soldiers who were discharged early due to injury or illness (causaria missio) and soldiers who were discharged by their commanders (gratiosa missio). Soldiers who were discharged dishonourably (ignominiosa missio) did not receive anything.
Abolishing the property threshold made the army accessible to the poor and making the state pay for the military equipment made it affordable for them to join the army. The Marian reforms were a response to a serious shortage of eligible recruits. Now many of the landless poor joined the army because it provided a career, a pay and the equivalent of a pension. Pay for soldiers had already been introduced in 405 BC. With joining the army being made voluntary, the military commanders often recruited soldiers for their campaigns themselves. They even paid the soldiers themselves privately. This made the soldiers loyal to their military commanders. It led to instances of commanders using the threat of military violence to obtain what they wanted from the state thanks to the loyalty of their soldiers. During the civil wars which ended up bringing down the Roman Republic, there were commanders in the opposing factions who recruited entire legions so that they could fight each other. As a result the Roman army became grossly oversized.
Augustus' reforms of the army built on the Marian reforms and created a professional standing army. He reduced the number of legions from 60 to 28 and discharged many soldiers to bring down the size of the army to manageable levels. He settled the discharged soldiers in colonies (settlements) where they were given a plot of land to farm.
With Augustus, recruitment was carried out centrally by the emperor's government. Augustus also created a separate military treasury (aerarium militaris) which was financed by taxes on sales and the inheritance tax. Thus, the soldiers were paid by the imperial government instead of by military commanders. This ensured loyalty to the emperor. Augustus also made the soldiers stay in the army permanently, not just during the military campaigning season. This made the Roman army became a fully standing and professional army. When not campaigning, soldiers had the task of building military roads, forts and fortified defensive structures. They were also trained and drilled regularly. Augustus also stationed the majority of the legion in the frontier provinces, giving them the task of defending the border of the empire,
Augustus increased the length of military service to 20 years and set a 5 year period for reservists, the evocati (singular evocatus) soldiers who enlisted voluntarily after discharge at the invitation of their military commanders.
Augustus reintroduced the auxiliaries, non-Roman soldiers who fought in units which supported the Roman legions which were made up of Roman citizens. Previously these soldiers had came from Italian peoples who were Roman allies. Since the Italians had been given Roman citizenships, Augustus' auxiliaries were non-Romans form the other parts of the empire. He set the length of their career at 25 years. Their pay was lower. On discharge they, too, were granted the nummaria missio or the agraria missio. In addition, they were also entitled to apply for Roman citizenship. Augustus set the same structure and training as the Roman legions for the auxiliary troops. The number of auxiliaries was the same as that of the legionaries
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What effect did Marius's reforms have on the loyalty of the legionaries?
The effect that the Marius's reforms had on the loyalty of the legionaries was that it shifted the loyalty of legionaries from the government to the general. It is also stated that the Marian reforms of 107 BC was a group of military reforms that was initiated by Gaius Marius.
What led directly to Julius Caesar taking power?
The policy of paying soldiers Gaius Marius's military reforms
Who had become widespread in Rome's government leading to the empire's eventual decline?
The Republic became unstable and open to a series of dictators and triumvirates: Marius, Sulla; Crassus, Pompeii, Caesar; Lepidus, Antony, and Octavius; until the Senate, in essence, abdicated its power and responsibilities to Octavius, who became Caesar Augustus.
Is Julius Caesar the same as Gaius Marius?
Gaius Marius was the uncle by marriage to Julia of Julius Caesar. Marius is known for the Marion reforms of ancient Romes military and for being elected consul an unprecedented 7 times during his lengthy career. A popular figure, he died aged 70. Julius Caeser, nephew of Marius' wife Julia, is known for a great many pivotal events during his career, notably many campaigns which furthered the Roman Empire, huge reforms within the Senate of the time, civil war, his relationship with Cleopatra and his ultimate assassination. Many question whether he was a hero or a tyrant which much evidence to support either argument which can be found in abundance. An intriguing and generally popular historical figure.
Why has octavius come to rome?
Octavius came to Rome to claim his inheritance. He was Julius Caesar's principle heir and adopted son.
What effect did Marius's reforms have on the loyalty of the legionaries?
The effect that the Marius's reforms had on the loyalty of the legionaries was that it shifted the loyalty of legionaries from the government to the general. It is also stated that the Marian reforms of 107 BC was a group of military reforms that was initiated by Gaius Marius.
What effect did marius's reforms have on loyalty of the legionaries?
The effect that the Marius's reforms had on the loyalty of the legionaries was that it shifted the loyalty of legionaries from the government to the general. It is also stated that the Marian reforms of 107 BC was a group of military reforms that was initiated by Gaius Marius.
What effect did Marius' reforms have loyalty of the legionaries?
The effect that the Marius's reforms had on the loyalty of the legionaries was that it shifted the loyalty of legionaries from the government to the general. It is also stated that the Marian reforms of 107 BC was a group of military reforms that was initiated by Gaius Marius.
What year did gaius Marius make his military reforms?
The military reforms known as the Marian Reforms took place at 107 BCE
How would Marius recruitment technique lead to Romes eventual decline?
The tactical reforms made Marius recruitment technique lead to Romes eventual decline.
What led directly to Julius Caesar taking power?
The policy of paying soldiers Gaius Marius's military reforms
How did Marius contribute to the breakdown of the roman republic?
Marius instituted military reforms that contributed significantly to the breakdown of the Roman Republic. The Marian reforms added to the numbers of standing armies by opening up to the lower classes. The reforms also provided retirement benefits through the soldierÕs general. In practice, this made the foot soldier more loyal to their general than to the state. This led to the conditions of the time period of CaesarÕs dictatorship.
Who had become widespread in Rome's government leading to the empire's eventual decline?
The Republic became unstable and open to a series of dictators and triumvirates: Marius, Sulla; Crassus, Pompeii, Caesar; Lepidus, Antony, and Octavius; until the Senate, in essence, abdicated its power and responsibilities to Octavius, who became Caesar Augustus.
What led most directly to Julius Caesar taking powers?
The First Triumvirate was a secret pact between Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey that gave them de facto power as the leaders of the Roman military.The changes in the military by Gaius Marius in 107 BC (called the Marian Reforms) made the Roman legions loyal to their commanders, not to the Republic, allowing these military leaders to control Rome to a greater extent than the elected Senate.Gaius Marius's military reforms led the most.apex= The policy of paying soldiersThe formation of the First TriumvirateGaius Marius's military reforms
What was the outcome of Marius's help to the roman army?
The outcome of the reforms of Marius was basically the Roman army as we think of it. He reformed the ranks, eliminating the old maniple system and replacing it with the cohort system. He invented the "breakaway" javelin and opened the army to the common people, thereby swelling its ranks.The outcome of the reforms of Marius was basically the Roman army as we think of it. He reformed the ranks, eliminating the old maniple system and replacing it with the cohort system. He invented the "breakaway" javelin and opened the army to the common people, thereby swelling its ranks.The outcome of the reforms of Marius was basically the Roman army as we think of it. He reformed the ranks, eliminating the old maniple system and replacing it with the cohort system. He invented the "breakaway" javelin and opened the army to the common people, thereby swelling its ranks.The outcome of the reforms of Marius was basically the Roman army as we think of it. He reformed the ranks, eliminating the old maniple system and replacing it with the cohort system. He invented the "breakaway" javelin and opened the army to the common people, thereby swelling its ranks.The outcome of the reforms of Marius was basically the Roman army as we think of it. He reformed the ranks, eliminating the old maniple system and replacing it with the cohort system. He invented the "breakaway" javelin and opened the army to the common people, thereby swelling its ranks.The outcome of the reforms of Marius was basically the Roman army as we think of it. He reformed the ranks, eliminating the old maniple system and replacing it with the cohort system. He invented the "breakaway" javelin and opened the army to the common people, thereby swelling its ranks.The outcome of the reforms of Marius was basically the Roman army as we think of it. He reformed the ranks, eliminating the old maniple system and replacing it with the cohort system. He invented the "breakaway" javelin and opened the army to the common people, thereby swelling its ranks.The outcome of the reforms of Marius was basically the Roman army as we think of it. He reformed the ranks, eliminating the old maniple system and replacing it with the cohort system. He invented the "breakaway" javelin and opened the army to the common people, thereby swelling its ranks.The outcome of the reforms of Marius was basically the Roman army as we think of it. He reformed the ranks, eliminating the old maniple system and replacing it with the cohort system. He invented the "breakaway" javelin and opened the army to the common people, thereby swelling its ranks.
Which month is named after octavius?
The month who is named after Octavius [Gaius Octavius Thurinus] is Augustus and was granted 31 days.
When was Octavius Radcliffe born?
Octavius Radcliffe was born in 1859.
