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The great innovation introduced to bridge building by the Romans was the arch. Arches have a great load bearing strength and provide stability. This made it possible to build much longer bridges which could span across much wider valleys. It also made it possible to build bridges across much deeper valleys. When bridges had to reach great heights, two or three tiers of arches could be built on top of each other to make the top of the bridge much higher. The greatest example of this technique is the Pont du Gard, a bridge with three tiers of recessed arches with the main piers in line one above the other. The first two tiers have very high and wide arches and a third tier has low and narrow arches. It was built to carry an aqueduct to Nimes in southern France. It reaches a height of 48.8 metres (160 feet). The lower tier is 142 metres (466 feet) long and has six aches with a height of 22 metres (72 ft.). The second tier is 242 metres (794 ft.) long and has eleven arches 20 metres (66 ft.) high. The upper tier is 275 metres (902 ft.) long. It originally had 47 arches (only 35 have survived) 7 metres (23 ft.) high. The width of the first pier is 6 metres (20th.), that of the second pier is 4 metres (13 ft.) and that of the third pier is 3 metres (23 ft.)

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Q: How did Romans change bridge building techniques?
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